英語易錯單詞及知識點整理範文
㈠ 求英語的易錯點歸納
一、定語從句
引導定語從句的關系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關系副詞 where when why 等,關系代詞或關系副詞在定語從句中充當一個成分,關系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,whose在從句中作定語,而關系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。
如:①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析:在句①中,表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當的是狀語,所以用關系副詞when來代指,引導定語從句修飾先行詞the days;而在句②中,表示時間的名詞the days在從句中充當的是動詞spent的賓語,所以用關系代詞that或which來代指。
同樣,表示地點或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關系副詞where 或why來代指;如果在從句中作動詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替。
如:①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作狀語)
②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作賓語)
註:當先行詞為time,reason, place時,引導詞可以省略。如:
① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.
② That is the reason (why) I did it.
③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
另外,定語從句中謂語動詞的數應與先行詞的數相一致。如:
① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0
② He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.
解析:在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強調只有一個,所以從句中謂語動詞用單數形式,而在句②中,who引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the students,為復數,所以從句謂語動詞應為復數。
感悟:學生之所以在這一點上經常出錯,主要是對定語從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出主句和從句,對句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清關系代詞或關系副詞在從句中充當何種句子成分。所以要做好這一類題,要首先弄清關系代詞和關系副詞的用法,而且應善於分辨和分析句子結構及其相應成分,這樣才能對症下葯,快速准確地找到瓿之所在
二 名詞性從句中的易錯點
(一)that引導的定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關系,「……的名詞」,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實或概念的抽象名詞,如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:
①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.
解析:在句①中,that引導同位語從句解釋說明promise的內容,that不充當任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句②中,that在其引導的定語從句中作動詞visited的賓語,對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。
感悟:學生之所以在這一點上容易出錯,主要還是因為對定語從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨不出that在從句中是否充當了句子成分,因此,還需在句子分析上下功夫,並且搞清何謂同位語從句。
(二)名詞性從句中,關於it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點
1) 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時,為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如:
It』s a pity that he don』t come to give a speech.(形式主語)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語)
2)謂語動詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導的賓語從句時往往在從句前加上形式賓語it.
例如:I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3)動詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,後接由that 引導的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it.
例如:① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短語動詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等後接有that引導的賓語從句時,必須冠以形式賓語it.
例如:① I』m counting on it that you will come.
② She』ll see to it that he goes ahead.
註:作形式主語和形式賓語時只能用it.
三、代詞it、one、that的用法與區別.
One泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用於指代可數名詞,相當於a+名詞單數,其復數形式ones前一般要有定語,否則就要用some.
That(those復數)即可指代不可數名詞,表特指,相當於the+名詞,後面經常與介詞修飾語連用。
It指代上文出現的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語,形式賓語,引導強調句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get it, catch it, make it.
例如:① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表,我想我必須再買一隻。(代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個)
② Where is my pen? Have you seen it? 我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)
③ The land of China is larger than that of America.
④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或two blue ones)
⑤ He has no child, and he wants to adopt one (或 some)
四、虛擬語氣
I 虛擬語氣在if 引導的條件句中的易錯點。
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.
句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設過去的情況,所以用過去完成時,但在主句中,句①依然指代過去的情況,謂語動詞是would have done,而②中含有一個表示現在的時間狀語now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設現在的情況,所以謂語動詞必須為would/should/might+動詞原形,學生在這一點上經常會忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。
Ⅱ虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法
1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered, suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中,主語從句中的謂語動詞常用(should)+動詞原形結構,表示某事「重要」、「必要」、「被決定」等
例如:① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
2. suggest, insist 後面指賓語從句時需注意的地方
1)①suggest 當「建議」「提出」講時,其後賓語從句的謂語動詞常用「should+動詞原形」
例如:He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建議立即動工。
類似的動詞還有insist堅持,demand要求,desire要求、請求,request請求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧願等。
這些動詞變被動語態(如:It is suggested + that主語從句)形式後,主語從句謂語動詞仍用「(should)+動詞原形」
這些動詞變名詞(如suggestion)後,其後的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用「(should)+動詞原形」
②suggest 當「提出(某看法),暗示,啟發」講時,其後賓語從句的動詞不用虛擬語氣。
例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member
警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。
(2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。
(3)Although he didn』t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.雖然他沒提出我們應該終止游過這條河的決定,但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯誤的。
A:stop; was B: should stop; be C: stopped ;was D: stopped; should be
在這個句子中,前一個suggest當「建議」「提出」講,而後一個作「表明」講,所以答案為「A」
2)①insist作「堅決要求…該…;堅持認為…定要…」講時,其後賓語從句的謂語動詞用「(should)+動詞原形」
例如:I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我堅持認為你應該准時到那裡去
②insist 作「堅持(意見,看法);堅持說,確信」講時,其後從句不用虛擬語氣。
例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他堅持說他聽到隔壁屋子裡有人。
五.反意疑問句中的易錯點
1.在一般疑問句中,無論肯定的問或是否定的問,如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no.特別注意如果出現省略則看下文所暗示的意義。
①—Are you a new comer?
—Yes, I came here only yesterday.
②—Isn』t Tom a good student?
—Yes, he is excellent.
③—Don』t you think the composition good?
—No, It can』t be any worse.
注意:在②③句中,當回答的意思與問句相一致時,則用No,譯為「是的」,當回答的意思與問句相反時,則用Yes,譯為「不」
2.情態動詞must
① I must leave now, mustn』t I ?
② He must be in the classroom, isn』t ?(表推測)
③ He must have finished his homework, hasn』t he ? (表現在的結果)
④ He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn』t he? (表過去)
當句子中有表示猜測的情態動詞時,其反意疑問句的構成不能再用原句中的情態動詞,而應根據原句在去掉情態動詞的情況下的主謂關系來確定其反問形式。
六、非謂語動詞中的易錯點
非謂語與其邏輯主語(即動作的執行者或承受者)之間有三種關系,如為主謂關系,則用現在分詞或不定式的主動式;如為被動關系則用過去分詞、現在分詞的被動(強調動作正在進行)或不定式的被動式(動作將進行);如既無主動也無被動關系則只能用狀語從句或獨立主格結構(即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語)。
Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指說話者的動作,故只用主動式。如:
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.
解析:從這個句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致,並且是主謂關系,所以用了現在的分詞作狀語,同時,分詞的動作明顯地發生在句子的謂語動詞動作之前,故採用了現代分詞的完成式。
In order to improve English , ________.
A. Jenny』s father bought her a lot of tapes.
B. Jenny』s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.
C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.
D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.
解析:根據不定式短語我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語應該是人而不是物,所以,應該排除CD,再就是應該是Jenny提高自己的英語,而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.
———,we decided to go out for a walk.
A. It is fine B. It fine C. Being fine D.It being fine
解析:主句主語we與動詞短語be fine之間既無主動關系與無被動關系,所以要加上自己的邏輯主語It,由於不存在主、被動關系,故不能選C項,而應該選D 項。
————more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B.To give C.Giving D. Having giving
解析:give與主句的主語之間是被動關系,故選A.如為主動關系則選C.
易出錯的問題一般都是學生在學習中對知識理解不深刻或能力欠缺的地方,應及時糾錯和建立「錯題檔案」,還應「借題發揮」,有意地把一些易錯題予以歸類,找出錯誤根源,總結規律。
㈡ 初中英語易錯單詞
正確拼寫
錯誤拼寫內
vacation
vocation
quarter
quartre
festival
festaval
pleasant
pleasnt
peasant
peasnt
modern
modner
正確拼寫
正確拼寫
錯誤拼容寫
safe
safety
safty
noise
noisy
noisey
true
truly
truely
truth
trueth
nine
ninth
nineth
twelve
twelfth
twelveth
twenty
twentieth
twentith
four
forty
fourty
polite
politely
politly
complete
completely
completly
㈢ 求50個初三英語易錯的單詞帶翻譯
50個初中英語易混易錯詞彙總結
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes統指各種衣服,謂語動詞永遠是復數, cloth指布,為不可數名詞 clothing服裝的總稱,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount後接不可數名詞, number後接可數名詞 a number of students
4. family, house, home
home家,包括住處和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相機拍攝的照片,picture可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing畫的畫 Let's go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary詞彙,一個人擁有的單詞量,word具體的單詞He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口,人數,people具體的人 China has a large population.
9. weather, climate
weather一天內具體的天氣狀況,climate長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road具體的公路,馬路,street街道,path小路,小徑,way道路,途徑
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course課程(可包括多門科目),subject科目(具體的學科)a summer course
12. custom, habit
custom傳統風俗,習俗,也可指生活習慣,後接to do, habit生活習慣,習慣成自然,後接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
cause指造成某一事實或現象的直接原因,後接of sth./doing sth,reason用來解釋某種現象或結果的理由,後接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise運動,鍛煉(不可數),exercises練習(可數),practice(反復做的)練習 Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson
作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學生用class. lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共場所所做的經過准備的較正式的演說,talk日常生活中的一般的談話,講話,lecture學術性的演講,講課 a series of lecture on…
㈣ 高中英語易錯的知識點和片語!文科生學霸!
自己總結吧。別人總結的不一定能適合自己。學霸是沒有易錯的知識的
㈤ 跪求高中常見易考易錯英語單詞辨析。
首先復我想說的是,你這制個想法就是錯誤的!你這樣只能治標不治本!高中的詞彙量才3000多點,你就這樣,那到以後呢?照你這樣那你總結出來的易錯單詞我估計都要拿本厚本子來記了。單詞為什麼易錯?無非就是它長,有的有不發音字母,有的有輕輔音連寫,有的可以省略字母,或者還有形近詞。想要解決這些問題你不能從一個個單詞下手。你要從你記單詞的方法上去想辦法。遇到這些單詞,你可以通過音標,詞綴,結構來記憶。還可以把單詞分類記憶,就像給你一個單詞你會想到很多詞一樣,把它們圍繞成一個磁場。可以由一個詞記起很多詞。還可以通過造句來記單詞,聯系實物記單詞。千萬別想從一個一個的詞去解決這個問題。那樣不僅麻煩,而且效果不好。切記!切記!
㈥ 怎樣總結初一英語易錯的知識點
自己准備一個本,把易錯的知識點分類,每一類都寫個例子,方便查看
然後把你做錯的題也總結在上面,總結好後,一定要經常翻閱,直到你看到那道題甚至是這類型的題會做為止
㈦ 高中英語易錯知識點
一
名詞
考試中,大家常把握不好名詞的數、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉,因為advice是不可數名詞。一些漢語概念為可數的詞在英語中卻是不可數的,表示數量時在其前加a piece of,類似的詞有:news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數名詞單數不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠詞,或將其變為復數。此處最好變為books。
3. He went into a book』s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用』s,如my mother』s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞,改為a book shop。
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個整體,則用單數的謂語動詞,如My family is a happy one; 如強調集合中每個個體的個人行為,則用復數的謂語動詞。此處看電視是個體行為,應把is改為are。類似的詞有:team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學階段以「o」結尾的名詞中有四個詞變復數時要加es,它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其餘的都加s變為復數。
6. This has nothing to do with their believes.(這和他們的信仰沒關系。)
以f、fe 結尾的詞變為復數時一般去f、fe 加ves,如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變為復數。所以應把believes改為beliefs。
二
冠詞
7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an,取決於後面單詞的第一個音標,如為母音用an,為輔音用a。useful的第一個音是輔音,所以應把an改為a。類似的,我們說a European country。
8. Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane為可數名詞單數,不能單獨放在句中,應在其前加冠詞或把它變為復數,而本句後有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a,變為A plane。
9. He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a 改為the ,因為樂器前用定冠詞。
10. The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in後加the,因為表示年代用in加the再加幾十的復數,如在八十年代in the 80s。
11. Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the,因為表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。
㈧ 初中英語有什麼易錯的單詞
哇,你好,我現在初二,之前每天學英語都焦頭爛額的,不過早自習的時候,老師推薦我們用開心詞場背單詞,這個軟體還不錯。你可以試試,也許漸漸的就會少了一些易錯的詞。