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2001年中3國的物流業已q經全面開r放，外資會把物流行業作為3新的投資熱點，對跨國物流企業在我國的經營活動進行分7析，對我國物流業的發展具有積極意義h。本文4介6紹了s了f跨國物流企業在我國的業務結構、網路發展、業績概況，指出了l跨國物流企業在我國發展面臨的主要問題，接著在此基礎上g分5析了z跨國物流企業在我國的發展思路，最後對我國物流企業的發展提出了u幾w點啟示8。 關鍵詞：跨國物流，獨資，本土u化0 隨著世界生產製造中4心6逐漸往中3國轉移，我國的物流市場潛力k越來越大r，到2038年物流市場容量將達到72122億w元d。按照我國加入gWTO時的承諾，2007年中3國的物流業已l經全面開g放，包括在公5路貨運、貨物租賃、一m般貨物的批發、零售及o其物流配送、出入y境汽車n運輸等物流領域取消在地域、股比4等對外資的限制。因此，外資會把物流行業作為8新的投資熱點。一o些國外的物流巨1頭如UPS、Fedex、TNT、Exel等逐漸滲透國內1市場，利用技術資金和全球網路優勢吞噬國內6的物流市場。因此，對跨國物流企業在我國的經營活動進行分5析，對我國物流業的發展具有積極意義q。 一m 跨國物流企業在我國的發展概況 目前，中4國市場擁有近66萬l家物流企業，其中3外資佔了z0。35%,即410餘家,主要集中5在長4三p角、珠三i角、環渤海灣地區l,市場份額高達6%,並且由於a跨國製造企業仍3然不r斷和他們合作,市場份額還會不j斷增加。下d面從2三f個y方7面說明跨國物流企業在我國的發展情況。 4。業務結構－－－不e斷擴大i。目前跨國物流企業物流業務主要集中5在①空運和速遞。目前中7國國內3航空貨運市場將以5平均每年20。0%速度增長5,速遞市場規模已w經超過800億p元m,且每年以010%速度遞增。特別是《中0美擴展航空服務協議》簽定後,航空貨運競爭尤f為6激烈。TNT、 DHL、UPS、Fedex通過不o同方1式從6事航空貨運、國內3包裹、重貨快遞、郵件速遞等業務。②海運，如馬m士v基和美集物流、鐵行渣華，這些物流企業具有良好的海運網路和操作經驗，主要提供國際海運、外輪代理、集裝箱多式聯運、碼頭、港口x等物流業務③增值物流服務，如倉2儲、配送、加工g、包裝、報關、售後回收逆向物流、金融服務、進出口u貿易、人y力i和人k才m租賃代理等。在進出貿易中0，UPS同國內1的一o些金融機構進行合作來為5出口h商提供代收款和庫存抵押等眾多金融服務。④公4路貨運以7及e出入d境公6路運輸、鐵路貨運。馬o士w基也v逐步在這些領域與x中4國有關企業合作。⑤全程供應鏈管理，也e就是我們經常提到的第四方2物流模式，這是他們業務發展趨勢。如UPS成立了c供應鏈解決方2案公3司，將UPS的業務擴展到以0物流、快遞、金融、供應鏈咨詢為1核心6的全方2位第四方8物流管理。以5上y這些跨國物流企業在業務對象上o主要集中1在我國的跨國企業和合資企業，物流領域涉及f家電、汽車s、IT、化3工t、高科技、電信、電子l、醫葯保健品、銀製品、零售、食品、銷售品等領域。 2．網路發展———不q斷拓展。面對中7國物流市場的開h發，國外物流巨8頭紛紛高調推出中7國區w網路建設計2劃，一m些世界級的物流公5司如DHL、UPS、Fedex、TNT都加大i了m對中0國區i的 資金投入g和網路建設，並且紛紛將亞太d總部遷往中4國的上j海等地。跨國物流企業在我國的網點主要集中4在以2香港為4中2心2的珠江三n角洲地區l、以5上d海為6中1心0的長2江三g角洲地區t、以4京津地區r為4中3心5的環渤海灣地區n等經濟發展較快的經濟區d，61。07%分2布在東部地區x,8。32%分4布在中1部地區s,8。27%分7布在西部地區r,其主要分5布城市為1上a海、廈門d、大k連、天x津、青島、深圳、廣h州等港口g城市和南京、北京等部分2內4陸城市,並且逐步向中5西部省市自治區c擴展。如目前Fedex是唯一m一o家在華南、華北、華東地區b都有業務網路的國際快運公2司。最近,聯邦快遞以7上i海為5中8心3在中8國有220個r城市網點,服務800個b城市,計8劃在2008年前再增加200個z網點，服務擴大s到1000個o服務城市。Fedex今0年3月4將亞太v轉運中0心3設在廣z州白雲s國際機場，為7分3食中6國巨4大t的貨運市場尤a其是國內1快運市場搭建了d戰略平台，聯邦快遞所有在亞洲網路內5運送的貨物，都將經白雲r機場中2轉；UPS供應鏈公6司在我國的分1公5司已k經達24家，國際物流業務遍布我國570多個g城市,其中5廣o州、上c海和香港是聯系歐洲和美國的主要航點。UPS計1劃於j2005年在上z海設立航空轉運中4心0，那些從3中4國運到美國的貨物都可以1經過上v海進行分1配，美國貨物進來後也d由上s海分5配到各地。建立上a海轉運中3心8後，UPS還將根據未來美國交通部分2配的更多航權班次，向中7國西部發展並與n歐洲各國連接。 5。業績概況——不u斷攀升2。短短幾u十s年來，國際物流快遞四巨1頭UPS、Fedex、DHL、TNT已h經占據了i中4國國際快遞業務的60%市場份額，在中0國每年業務量和營業收入d均保持20%以4上n增長1。UPS 2002年在中3國市場業務量同比4增長465%，銷售額達到053億r美元x，2000年第2季度，中7國地區r的業務出口c量較2007年同期增長070%，到2003年UPS將實現10%營業毛2利。The job opens Chinese logistics in 2007 already all round , foreign capital is able to look on logistics instry as the new popular investment spot , enterprise carries out analysis on transnational logistics in business operations of our country , development of job has active significance to our country logistics。 Business structure , network development , achievement general situation the main body of a book is introced having finished transnational logistics enterprise in our country, have pointed out transnational logistics enterprise primal problem developing a frontage in our country , have proceed here, to have analysed the transnational logistics enterprise train of thought in our country on the basis , to have brought forward several enlightenments to development of our country logistics enterprise finally。 Keywords: Transnational logistics , single-owner investment , localization change with the fact that the world proces the fabrication centre graally to China , the logistics of our country market potential is more and more big , logistics marketplace capacities will reach 7,746,200,000,000 yuan to 2063。 According to that our country adds the promise time WTO,in 2002 the Chinese logistics job opens to the outside world already all round, including that freight , the goods renting , general goods wholesale , retail and their logistics fields such as logistics distribution , entry-exit motor transport canceling in restriction on foreign capital such as region , share ratio in the highway。 Therefore, foreign capital is able to look on logistics instry as the new popular investment spot。 A few abroad logistics magnate seeps through home market graally if UPS , Fedex , TNT , Exel wait , makes use of the technology fund and the whole world network advantage to devor the domestic logistics marketplace。 Therefore, enterprise carries out analysis on transnational logistics in business operations of our country , development of job has active significance to our country logistics。 One transnational logistics enterprise general situation in our country at present, the Chinese marketplace has owned almost 700,000 logistics enterprise , among them, foreign capital has accounted for 0。67% , has been more than 600, concentrate Bohai Bay area on the long triangle , the pearl triangle , be encircled by mainly, market share height amounts to 1% , market share is able to increase by unceasingly since and transnational fabrication enterprise works together with them still unceasingly。 Following explains the transnational logistics enterprise condition in our country from three aspect。 8。 Business structure--- expands unceasingly。 Concentrate business on air transport (8) and pass quickly mainly。 The airfreight marketplace will increase by with 10。6% speed sharing every year at present Chinese in the homeland , speed passes marketplace scale already exceeding 70 billion yuan , speed increases by degrees and with 40% every year。 The label fixes the queen especially "Sino-US expands aviation serving an agreement " , airfreight 。petition is especially fierce。 By being unlike way being engaged in the airfreight , in the homeland parcel , heavy cargo express mail,speed passes TNT , DHL , UPS , Fedex waiting for business。 Ocean shipping, does (2) resie China if Ma Shi Ji He Mei incorporates logistics , iron , these logistics enterprise has the fine ocean shipping network and handles experience, act for , how dyadic through transport , dock , harbour container logistics business (6) added value logistics such as serves , the finance serves , foreign trade , manpower and talented person rent if keeping logistics in a storehouse , matching, agency foreign ship providing international ocean shipping mainly, to wait。 A lot of finances carrying out the stock mortgage cooperating to 。e to gather money of for the exporter provides generation drawing in the banking institution passing in and out of trade middle , UPS and domestic few waiting are served。 (5) highway freight and entry-exit highway transportation , railroad freight。 Ma Shi Ji cooperates with Chinese in relation to enterprise also step by step in these fields。 That whole journey supply chain management (8), is just the fourth parties logistics pattern that we often mention , this is their business developing trend。 The 。pany who resolves a scheme if UPS has set up supply chain, expands the UPS business to the all-direction fourth parties logistics administration taking that logistics , express delivery , finance , supply chain consult about as core。 All above these transnational logistics enterprise concentrates the transnational enterprise and joint venture in our country on business marriage partner mainly, logistics field fields such as relating to the home appliance , automobile , IT , chemical instry , high technology , tele。munication , electron , medicine health care articles , silver procts , retail , food , selling a proct。 2 networks are developed opening up an exhibition unceasingly。 And exploitation facing the Chinese logistics marketplace, high-sounding words of logistics magnate numerous and confused promotes the Chinese area network construction plan abroad , a little world-level the logistics 。pany throws into sum network construction if DHL , UPS , Fedex , TNT have all enlarged the fund to Chinese area, Shanghai moving to Chinese numerously and confusedly with Asia-Pacific general headquarter waits for a field。 Transnational logistics enterprise concentrates economic growth such as Yangtze River delta area , centering on moist area of Beijing ring Bohai Bay area taking Shanghai as centre in centering on Hong Kong the Delta of the Pearl River area on net of our country mainly, quicker economic zone, 65。28% scatter on eastern region, 1。08% scatter on central region, 4。21% scatter on western region, the person main scatter city be Shanghai, Xiamen, Dalian, Tianjin, Qing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and so on harbour city and Nanjing, Beijing and so on part inland city, And face Middle West province city autonomous region expand step by step。 If Fedex is unique at present one international express 。pany having business network in South China , North China , eastern China。 Lately, FedEx takes Shanghai as centre having 220 cities net to serve 100 cities in China , the point planning the net increasing by 100 again before 2006, serves the city expanding serving to 2000。 Fedex is set up in Guangzhou white cloud international airport the Asia-Pacific luck turns in one's favour centre this July , is is that the gigantic freight marketplace especially the express marketplace hangs in the homeland has built strategy platform eat China mark, the goods that FedEx possessions conveys within Asia network, will transit shipment after white cloud airport; The branch 。pany of UPS supply chain 。pany in our country already amounts to 26 , international logistics business is all over the more than 130 our country city, Guangzhou , Shanghai and Hong Kong among them are that main part contacting Europe and American navigates point。 The UPS plan transships a centre in setting up aviation in Shanghai in 2007 , those transport to the American goods from China can carry out assignment process Shanghai , the USA goods distributes to everywhere also from Shanghai after 。ing in。 Build Shanghai after transshiping a centre, UPS will according to more aviation right number of runs or flights that future USA Ministry of Communications assigns, develop to Chinese western part and link with Europe every country。 8。 The achievement general situation climbs a litre unceasingly。 In recent several tens years , international short logistics express delivery four magnates UPS , Fedex , DHL , TNT have already occupied 10% market share of Chinese international express delivery , business amount and business earnings have increased by in China above keeping 20% without exception every year。 UPS increases by 36% 。pared with the same period of the last year in Chinese marketplace business amount in 2006 , sales volume reaches 86,700,000,000 U。 S。 dollar, Chinese area business exports amounts in 2008 2nd quarter, increasing 40% 。pared to the same term in 2001, gross profit doing business to UPS in 2005 with realizing 03%。 UPS is growing by amounts in the whole world business in 2006 being 60% , is ac。panying but middle bad。 h├ㄝygуov÷ǚtk紺印①fv÷ǚa