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英語寫作的目的是什麼

發布時間: 2020-12-27 22:38:46

A. 英語議論文閱讀理解中篇章的寫作目的是什麼

論證思路:提論點(什麼論點),用什麼論證方法論證論點(不用寫什麼論點),總結,呼籲號召人們什麼什麼。
(僅供參考)

B. 做英語閱讀理解題如何推斷寫作目的麻煩告訴我

In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.
(2) 考查某處細節的寫作意圖The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.
…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____. 2. 常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種:(1) to entertain readers(娛樂讀者,讓人發笑)
(2) to persuade readers(說服讀者接受某種觀點)
(3) to inform readers(告知讀者某些信息)3. 技巧點撥 (1) 根據文體類別推斷寫作目的。這就要求我們了解在歷年高考閱讀題中,不同文體與三種目的的大致對應關系,這有助於做好此類試題。第一種寫作目的(to entertain readers)常見於故事類的文章。如全國卷曾有一篇閱讀文章,作者虛構了兩個宇航員在太空工作的情形,一個宇航員Joe做完了修理工作後要回到飛船上,用力敲了多次飛船的門,但門都沒開,最後才傳來這樣一句話「Who』s there ?」「It』s me ! Who else could it be ?」Joe生氣地大喊。在這一問一答中作者的寫作目的就躍然紙上:因為太空處於真空狀態,不能傳播聲音,因此本文純屬虛構,寫作目的是想令人發笑(to make people laugh)。而全國卷的另一篇閱讀文章,則更多地選擇那些可以顯示兩個主人公的笨拙的細節,目的是為了表現事情的有趣(to tell an interesting experience),從而達到娛樂讀者的目的。第二種寫作目的(to persuade readers)常見於廣告類的文章。在這樣的文章中,作者或是要推銷一種產品﹑一種服務(to sell a proct or a service),或是要通過對旅遊景點﹑報刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節目等的介紹來達到他的寫作目的:吸引更多的遊客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾等(to attract more visitors / readers / audience)。如廣東卷曾有篇閱讀理解文章介紹了四種雜志的內容和價格,其目的是to get more readers to subscribe。另一篇全國卷的閱讀理解文章則介紹了一種被稱為「。另一篇全國卷的閱讀理解文章則介紹了一種被稱為「籃子里的聚會」的家庭服務計劃,文章內容包括服務的創意﹑服務的內容以及服務的價格和聯系方式,由此我們可以推斷出作者的寫作目的是:to sell a service。第三種寫作目的(to inform readers)多見於科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章,了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴於對文章主題的正確把握,閱讀時有必要找准文章的主題句,或較好地對主題加以歸納.如全國卷有篇閱讀文章,一開始我們就讀到了這樣的一個問題:「Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute?」 這是介紹新產品或新思路的一種常見手法,可由此初步推斷寫作意圖,作者在接下來的兩個段落對這種廢物回收裝置作了具體的描述,並在最後一段告訴了我們這種裝置的最大優點,把握了這些關鍵信息,我們也就明白了作者的意圖:to introce a recycling system for high rises.上海卷的一篇閱讀文章,一開始給出了文章的主題句In toy stores, what is old is new again 之後從 generational effect , economic factors 和marketing techniques三個方面分析了20世紀80年代的玩具又再重新熱銷的原因,這就是作者寫本文的目的。

C. 為什麼要英語寫作英語寫作有什麼用(好白痴的問題)

1、如果你的作品的讀者是非英語讀者,那麼英語寫作就是多餘的。
2、時下,很多人連中文都沒學好,寫的文章狗屁不通,卻整天嚷嚷什麼英文寫作,跟本就是瞎扯是誤人子弟。
3、不要被現在的這股思潮誤導,學好母語,堅持走自己的路,找到自己的定位。這才是最重要的。

D. 英語高考應用文考作者寫作目的怎麼攻克

要參加高考了,先自然放鬆,給你點考前注意事項吧
1.把有知識溫習一遍,盡可能記住要點知道,不要給自己心裡壓力過大,只能自然應對才會發揮最好水平。
2.要注意飲食,睡眠,放鬆自己,不要沉積在書海中,做適當的復習啦,千萬不要做劇烈的運動。
3.高考志願方式有兩種,一種就是根據學校報考指南,老師建議去報考,還有一種就是方法就是你去網上找擇校易,他是根據雲計算,大數據來計算你的分數的,很準的,而且還是免費幫你數據分析,還有給大家一個忠告,那就是高考志願一定要謹慎,一定要填好,不得盲目。

E. 最好的英語寫作教材是什麼

新概念第二,三冊課後來題,包括自summary writting.先看指導和寫作要點.再自己練習,與答案對照,最後思考再思考.建議可以先背誦課文或是經典句型.每次進步一點點,循序漸進,就大功告成了.其實再好的寫作教材,最重要的還是要你學會變成自己的東西.再加以運用.這才是關鍵,所以說還是要學會如何寫作,還要學會如何思考,想想為什麼要這樣寫,這樣寫的目的是什麼,運用了哪幾個有用的句型,有幾個是我已經會用的,有哪些是我知道但很少用的,還有些模稜兩可的,不能夠完全自己運用起來的,這些你都要在學習的同時做到心裡有數.所以說你要對自己的英語學習階段有個徹底的了解.中級,還是中高級.有個定位,再根據難易度和自身的實際情況去先教材.適合自己的就是最好的.而且聽,說,讀,寫,要確保前三個步驟你已掌握靈活的基礎上.再去提高寫作水平.寫起東西來就會得心應手.
所以還是要多讀多聽多看.
^ ^

F. 英語寫作中作者的目的一般放於什麼位置

一開始或者結尾
積累一些詞彙,在學一些語法!一定要攻克詞彙和短語,要熟練,
學一些你比較感興趣的英語知識,上課認真聽講,下課及時做筆記,
養成背單詞的好習慣,經常復習以前學過的知識

G. 什麼是英語寫作

四個字:讀英寫英,就是了。

想中文寫英文,不是寫作,而是翻譯,而且,中文能想出來英文可不一定能出來!

H. 英語寫作要注意什麼

1、要有鮮抄明的主題思想和內容。襲

2、要有完整的組織結構。比如:有時間順序,有空間距離,符合邏輯,按重要性排列,有比較和對比,有分類和闡述。

3、要使用正確的語態。

4、詞語的選擇和使用要恰當。

5、句子要符合常識和具有多樣性。

6、拼寫、標點和大小寫都要正確。


(8)英語寫作的目的是什麼擴展閱讀:

英語作文的寫作技巧:

英語考試作文試題的一個最大的特點就是時限性,即在有限的時間內(一般分配30分鍾)按試題要求完成作文試題。

英語作文試題一般要求字數在120字左右,段落一般為三段,因而有「三段論」一說。

所謂「三段論」即全文分為三個自然段,一般結構為「首段擺事實(現象)、提觀點(論點或問題),在這一部分參試者最好將題目要求中的第一個要點(一般為提出問題或觀點)作為首段的內容之一;

第二段剖析現象、分析論點,這也是全文的主體部分。在這一部分參試者需要將試題要求中的所有要點的內容都加以闡述和擴展,同時注意不要信馬由韁的寫一些與文章主題無關的內容以免被當作跑題處理;

第三段為結論段,這一段的主要任務是為全文做一個結論性的終結,讓文章顯得完整和連貫。至於開頭和結尾有一定的固定的套路可循。

參考資料來源:網路—英語作文

I. 英語寫作在英語學習中的重要性

別急 會把英語寫作能力提高的
談談如何提高英語寫作能力

關鍵詞:英語寫作能力 原則 方法
引言:英語寫作能力是英語聽、說、讀、寫四種基本能力之一,英語寫作能有效地促進語言知識的內化。Swain(1985)提出「可理解輸出」假設,認為包括寫在內的語言產生性運用有助於學習者檢驗目的語句法結構和詞語的使用,促進語言運用的自動化,有效地達到了語言習得的目的。通過寫作,英語知識不斷得到鞏固並內在化,有利於英語技能的全面發展。但是,英語寫作又是廣大英語學習者最感頭痛的問題之一,且容易被教師忽視,筆者以為如何提高英語寫作能力值得我們認真研究。本文就此談談初淺的看法。
一、提高英語寫作能力的原則
(一)漸進性原則。要堅持「句—段—篇」的訓練程序,由易到難,循序漸進。在英語寫作的初始階段,要始終注意培養學生良好的寫作習慣,狠抓基本功訓練。在學生掌握了基本句型並能寫出簡單句子後,再要求學生根據一些體例寫出小段的文章。在段落寫作中要引導學生分析段落的結構、段落的中心句、句與句之間的邏輯關系、寫作手法等,這樣有利於下一步一篇文章的寫作。在文章寫作中要教會學生如何構思文章、如何運用正確的寫作技巧等。
(二)多樣性原則。要堅持訓練形式的多樣化及寫作文體的多樣性。從形式上而言,可以用回答提問的口頭作文,也可以用續寫故事;可以改寫課文,也可以仿寫課文;可以寫提綱訓練謀篇布局,也可以寫拓展段訓練發散思維……。從文體上而言,可以寫說明文、議論文、記敘文,也可以寫書信、便條、通知等實用文體。
(三)結合性原則。要堅持聽說讀訓練和寫訓練相結合。根據語言習得理論,學習者在學習時常先通過聽和讀吸取語言知識,從而了解別人的思想,再通過說和寫來表達自己的思想,讓別人了解自己。大量的聽說訓練能促進讀寫能力的提高。因此,寫與聽說讀緊密結合,進行多元化的能力訓練,可使學生的各項能力互相影響、互相滲透、互相促進。
(四)控制性原則。要堅持寫作前的指導,控制學生的漢語語言思維,發展英語語言思維。語言學習在很大程度上主要是模仿,而非隨心所欲地自由表達。教師要加強寫作前的指導,可給出範文讓學生模仿,以熟悉其語篇結構。同時要控制其漢語語言思維,盡可能讓學生習慣英語語言思維,以便於學生學習和掌握地道、正確的英語。
(五)持久性原則。要堅持長期、正確的寫作訓練。英語寫作能力的提高並非一朝一夕之事,而是一個長期的、艱巨的、漸進的過程。這就要求教師、學生都要有充分的思想准備,要有堅韌不拔的意志和必勝的信心。
二、提高英語寫作能力的方法。
(一)通過積累詞彙量,提高英語寫作能力。猶如土木磚石是建築的材料一樣,詞彙是說話寫作的必需材料,也是制約寫作能力提高的瓶頸。可以想像,如果要寫一個句子,10個單詞有8個單詞拼寫錯誤或拼寫不出,有2
個單詞用法不當,又怎麼能清楚地表達自己的思想呢?因此,在平時的教學中要強調學生記憶單詞,記住單詞的拼讀、用法、意思等。記憶單詞的方法有很多,各人有各人的記憶方法和習慣,可因人而異。教師可通過要求學生朗讀單詞、聽寫單詞、默寫單詞、遣詞造句、詞彙競賽等多種方法促進學生記單詞。記憶單詞是一個長期的反復的過程,要長期地堅持下去,才能不斷積累大量的詞彙,為英語寫作打下堅實的基礎。
(二)通過擴大閱讀量,提高英語寫作能力。古人雲「熟讀唐詩三百首,不會作詩也會吟」,這是漢語的一種學習方法,同樣可借鑒於英語寫作。多閱讀是學生增加接觸英語語言材料、接受信息、活躍思維、增長智力的一種途徑,同時也是培養學生英語思維能力、提高理解力、增強語感、鞏固和擴大詞彙量的一種好方法,有利於促進英語寫作能力的提高。在閱讀訓練中,教師要注意以下問題:一是指導閱讀方法,分析文章結構、中心思想、段落中心句、寫作方法等,幫助學生掌握各類文章的結構及寫作方法。二要精讀與泛讀相結合,通過推敲優秀的文章來學會寫作方法和選詞用詞;通過大量的泛讀來吸取信息量,擴大詞彙量。三要擴大閱讀量。提供閱讀的材料涉及面要廣,才能不斷擴大學生的知識面,使學生適應各種題材的寫作。
(三)通過提高聽說能力,提高英語寫作能力。英語聽說讀寫四種能力是相互影響、相互促進的,提高聽說能力必定會促進寫作能力的提高。要提高聽說能力關鍵在於創設一個良好的英語環境。教師要盡可能地用英語授課,多開展專門的聽說訓練,同時開展豐富多彩的課外英語活動,讓學生沉浸在英語海洋中去領略、去體會、去使用英語,久而久之,學生自然能使用正確的、地道的英語進行交談與寫作。
(四)通過重視寫作過程,提高英語寫作能力。長期以來,英語寫作成果教學法(THE PRODUCT
APPROACH)在我國居於主導地位,教師根據寫作的終成品來判斷寫作的成敗,重視寫作的技術性細節(如格式、拼寫、語法等),忽視寫作過程的指導。根據D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的連通論(Connectionism)理論,寫作包括寫前階段、具體寫作、文章修改三個基本過程,這三個過程並非是線性排列,而是循環往復,穿插進行的。教師只有重視加強對寫作三個過程的指導,才能更好地提高英語寫作能力。在寫作前階段,教師重在指導學生如何挖掘題材,訓練發散性思維,以及如何選擇材料、謀篇布局等。在具體寫作中,教師重在指導學生如何緊扣主題、運用正確的寫作方法等。在文章修改中,教師重在指導學生如何修改語法及用詞的錯誤。
(五)通過多寫英語摘要,提高英語寫作能力。英語摘要是把一篇文章的要點摘錄出來,用自己的語言使之獨立成一篇短文,這不是簡單的摘錄,而是忠於原文意思的再創作。寫英語摘要有利於學生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章結構,從而提高學生的邏輯思維能力和謀篇布局能力。
(六)通過發展英語語言思維能力,提高英語寫作能力。英語寫作是運用已掌握的內在化語言知識和表達方法,通過思維進行外在化輸出的創作,因此英語語言思維能力在英語寫作中作用非凡。對於我國學生而言,在英語寫作中易受漢語語言思維的影響,難以直接用英語語言進行思維,不利於英語寫作能力的提高,因此發展其英語語言思維能力尤為重要。教師要注意對學生的英語語言思維進行多方位、多角度的訓練:要採取各種方法訓練學生英語語言思維的廣闊性、深刻性、發散性和創造性;要教會學生用英語思考問題、回答問題;要從訓練形象思維開始,逐步過渡到抽象思維訓練;在課文講解中要盡可能不用漢語翻譯而用英語解釋,消除漢語思維的影響;要努力創設良好的英語環境,在英語交際中發展英語思維能力。

寫好英語段落的三個標准

首先,一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想,該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題(stick or hold to the topic),這就是段落的統一性(unity)。其次,一個段落必須有若干推展句,使主題思想得到充分展開,從而給讀者一個完整的感覺,這就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一個段落不是雜亂無章的,而是有機的組合,句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯,從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth),這就是連貫性(coherence)。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心,任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例:
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country.文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences,一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,這一段是講的是Joe and I ,中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。考生在四級統考的作文卷上常常因為造出irrelevant sentences(不相關語句)而丟分,值得引起注意。再看一個例子:
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences,一個是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一個是My mother was a premature baby.
從上面兩個例子可以看出,native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果這種句子多了,造成偏題或離題,那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣,一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現,如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實,就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣,雖然有推展句,但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待,給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如:
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」(心境不平靜)Physical work又如何能改變這種情況?為什麼它能起therapy的作用?讀者得不到明確的答案。由於四級統考的作文部分只要求寫一篇100~120個詞的三段式短文,每一段只有大約40個詞左右,因此,要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如:
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法,必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋,整個段落內容空洞,簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話,就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段:
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming 「Help」?
3、連貫性(coherence)
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面,前者指的是內在的邏輯性,後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連,句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系;反之,只有意連而沒有形連,有時行文就不夠流暢。
1)、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序,不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思,邊寫邊想,寫寫停停,那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A.按時間先後排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」(起床)寫起,然後是吃早餐(「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」),然後是「close to noon」,一直寫到這一天結束(「By nine——」)。
B. 按位置遠近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近,從遠處(「from a distance」)寫起,然後「get closer」,再到(「ten feet away」),最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然,按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要,也可以由近及遠,由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性順序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力,它的重要性與職業,身份有關,從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」,最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that 「sanguine」 and 「sanguinary」 mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness,先給出一個general statement作為主題句,然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句,它僅提出一個問題:為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較,末句才下結論。
2)、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種,一種是轉換詞語(transitional words or phrases),另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個,所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞,約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見,掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流(smoothness)有益,而且對於學生在半個小時內寫足四級短文所要求的120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了。我們看下面一個例子:Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外,沒有使用其他的過渡詞語。這樣,文中出現許多重復的詞語,全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話,這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況:
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤:
1、不必要的改變時態,比如:
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數,比如:
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱,比如:
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中,一定要注意時態,人稱以及數的變化是否正確,要注意保持一致。

J. 泰戈爾的when and why的寫作目的(用英語回答)

泰戈爾的when and why的寫作目的
寫作目的事實上就是表達對時間,對生命的思考
什麼時候和為什麼(When and Why)

When I bring you coloured toys,
my child,
I understand why there
is such a play of colours on clouds
on water,
and why flowers are
painted in tints-when I give coloured toys to you, my child.
在我帶給你彩色玩具的時候,
我的孩子,
我懂得了為什麼
在雲端,在水面
會有這樣的色彩變幻;
在我帶給你彩色玩具的時候,
我的孩子,
為什麼花朵被畫滿了色彩。

When I sing to make you dance,
I truly know
why there is music in leaves,
and why waves send their chorus of voices to the heart
of the listening earth-when I sing to make you dance.

當我唱歌想想使你跳舞的時候,
我才真正知道
為什麼葉片會有音樂,
為什麼波浪會
把合唱的聲音,
傳送到正在傾聽的地球心臟。
When I bring sweet things to your greedy hands,
I know why there is honey in the cup of the flower,
and why fruits aresecretly filled
with sweet juice-when I bring sweet things to your greedy hands.

當我把甜蜜的東西送到你貪吃的手裡時,
我才知道,
為什麼花杯里藏有蜂蜜,
為什麼水果里秘密地充滿了瓊漿。
When I kiss your face to make you smile,
my darling,
I surely understand
what pleasure streams from the sky in morning light,
and what delight the summer breeze brings
to my body-when I kiss you to make you smile
在我親吻你的臉讓你微微一笑的時候,
我親愛的,
我敢於肯定,
來自天空清晨陽光里的愉快溪流
和夏日微風里的興致 ,
帶到了我的身上。

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