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2001年中3国的物流业已q经全面开r放，外资会把物流行业作为3新的投资热点，对跨国物流企业在我国的经营活动进行分7析，对我国物流业的发展具有积极意义h。本文4介6绍了s了f跨国物流企业在我国的业务结构、网络发展、业绩概况，指出了l跨国物流企业在我国发展面临的主要问题，接着在此基础上g分5析了z跨国物流企业在我国的发展思路，最后对我国物流企业的发展提出了u几w点启示8。 关键词：跨国物流，独资，本土u化0 随着世界生产制造中4心6逐渐往中3国转移，我国的物流市场潜力k越来越大r，到2038年物流市场容量将达到72122亿w元d。按照我国加入gWTO时的承诺，2007年中3国的物流业已l经全面开g放，包括在公5路货运、货物租赁、一m般货物的批发、零售及o其物流配送、出入y境汽车n运输等物流领域取消在地域、股比4等对外资的限制。因此，外资会把物流行业作为8新的投资热点。一o些国外的物流巨1头如UPS、Fedex、TNT、Exel等逐渐渗透国内1市场，利用技术资金和全球网络优势吞噬国内6的物流市场。因此，对跨国物流企业在我国的经营活动进行分5析，对我国物流业的发展具有积极意义q。 一m 跨国物流企业在我国的发展概况 目前，中4国市场拥有近66万l家物流企业，其中3外资占了z0。35%,即410余家,主要集中5在长4三p角、珠三i角、环渤海湾地区l,市场份额高达6%,并且由于a跨国制造企业仍3然不r断和他们合作,市场份额还会不j断增加。下d面从2三f个y方7面说明跨国物流企业在我国的发展情况。 4。业务结构－－－不e断扩大i。目前跨国物流企业物流业务主要集中5在①空运和速递。目前中7国国内3航空货运市场将以5平均每年20。0%速度增长5,速递市场规模已w经超过800亿p元m,且每年以010%速度递增。特别是《中0美扩展航空服务协议》签定后,航空货运竞争尤f为6激烈。TNT、 DHL、UPS、Fedex通过不o同方1式从6事航空货运、国内3包裹、重货快递、邮件速递等业务。②海运，如马m士v基和美集物流、铁行渣华，这些物流企业具有良好的海运网络和操作经验，主要提供国际海运、外轮代理、集装箱多式联运、码头、港口x等物流业务③增值物流服务，如仓2储、配送、加工g、包装、报关、售后回收逆向物流、金融服务、进出口u贸易、人y力i和人k才m租赁代理等。在进出贸易中0，UPS同国内1的一o些金融机构进行合作来为5出口h商提供代收款和库存抵押等众多金融服务。④公4路货运以7及e出入d境公6路运输、铁路货运。马o士w基也v逐步在这些领域与x中4国有关企业合作。⑤全程供应链管理，也e就是我们经常提到的第四方2物流模式，这是他们业务发展趋势。如UPS成立了c供应链解决方2案公3司，将UPS的业务扩展到以0物流、快递、金融、供应链咨询为1核心6的全方2位第四方8物流管理。以5上y这些跨国物流企业在业务对象上o主要集中1在我国的跨国企业和合资企业，物流领域涉及f家电、汽车s、IT、化3工t、高科技、电信、电子l、医药保健品、银制品、零售、食品、销售品等领域。 2．网络发展———不q断拓展。面对中7国物流市场的开h发，国外物流巨8头纷纷高调推出中7国区w网络建设计2划，一m些世界级的物流公5司如DHL、UPS、Fedex、TNT都加大i了m对中0国区i的 资金投入g和网络建设，并且纷纷将亚太d总部迁往中4国的上j海等地。跨国物流企业在我国的网点主要集中4在以2香港为4中2心2的珠江三n角洲地区l、以5上d海为6中1心0的长2江三g角洲地区t、以4京津地区r为4中3心5的环渤海湾地区n等经济发展较快的经济区d，61。07%分2布在东部地区x,8。32%分4布在中1部地区s,8。27%分7布在西部地区r,其主要分5布城市为1上a海、厦门d、大k连、天x津、青岛、深圳、广h州等港口g城市和南京、北京等部分2内4陆城市,并且逐步向中5西部省市自治区c扩展。如目前Fedex是唯一m一o家在华南、华北、华东地区b都有业务网络的国际快运公2司。最近,联邦快递以7上i海为5中8心3在中8国有220个r城市网点,服务800个b城市,计8划在2008年前再增加200个z网点，服务扩大s到1000个o服务城市。Fedex今0年3月4将亚太v转运中0心3设在广z州白云s国际机场，为7分3食中6国巨4大t的货运市场尤a其是国内1快运市场搭建了d战略平台，联邦快递所有在亚洲网络内5运送的货物，都将经白云r机场中2转；UPS供应链公6司在我国的分1公5司已k经达24家，国际物流业务遍布我国570多个g城市,其中5广o州、上c海和香港是联系欧洲和美国的主要航点。UPS计1划于j2005年在上z海设立航空转运中4心0，那些从3中4国运到美国的货物都可以1经过上v海进行分1配，美国货物进来后也d由上s海分5配到各地。建立上a海转运中3心8后，UPS还将根据未来美国交通部分2配的更多航权班次，向中7国西部发展并与n欧洲各国连接。 5。业绩概况——不u断攀升2。短短几u十s年来，国际物流快递四巨1头UPS、Fedex、DHL、TNT已h经占据了i中4国国际快递业务的60%市场份额，在中0国每年业务量和营业收入d均保持20%以4上n增长1。UPS 2002年在中3国市场业务量同比4增长465%，销售额达到053亿r美元x，2000年第2季度，中7国地区r的业务出口c量较2007年同期增长070%，到2003年UPS将实现10%营业毛2利。The job opens Chinese logistics in 2007 already all round , foreign capital is able to look on logistics instry as the new popular investment spot , enterprise carries out analysis on transnational logistics in business operations of our country , development of job has active significance to our country logistics。 Business structure , network development , achievement general situation the main body of a book is introced having finished transnational logistics enterprise in our country, have pointed out transnational logistics enterprise primal problem developing a frontage in our country , have proceed here, to have analysed the transnational logistics enterprise train of thought in our country on the basis , to have brought forward several enlightenments to development of our country logistics enterprise finally。 Keywords: Transnational logistics , single-owner investment , localization change with the fact that the world proces the fabrication centre graally to China , the logistics of our country market potential is more and more big , logistics marketplace capacities will reach 7,746,200,000,000 yuan to 2063。 According to that our country adds the promise time WTO,in 2002 the Chinese logistics job opens to the outside world already all round, including that freight , the goods renting , general goods wholesale , retail and their logistics fields such as logistics distribution , entry-exit motor transport canceling in restriction on foreign capital such as region , share ratio in the highway。 Therefore, foreign capital is able to look on logistics instry as the new popular investment spot。 A few abroad logistics magnate seeps through home market graally if UPS , Fedex , TNT , Exel wait , makes use of the technology fund and the whole world network advantage to devor the domestic logistics marketplace。 Therefore, enterprise carries out analysis on transnational logistics in business operations of our country , development of job has active significance to our country logistics。 One transnational logistics enterprise general situation in our country at present, the Chinese marketplace has owned almost 700,000 logistics enterprise , among them, foreign capital has accounted for 0。67% , has been more than 600, concentrate Bohai Bay area on the long triangle , the pearl triangle , be encircled by mainly, market share height amounts to 1% , market share is able to increase by unceasingly since and transnational fabrication enterprise works together with them still unceasingly。 Following explains the transnational logistics enterprise condition in our country from three aspect。 8。 Business structure--- expands unceasingly。 Concentrate business on air transport (8) and pass quickly mainly。 The airfreight marketplace will increase by with 10。6% speed sharing every year at present Chinese in the homeland , speed passes marketplace scale already exceeding 70 billion yuan , speed increases by degrees and with 40% every year。 The label fixes the queen especially "Sino-US expands aviation serving an agreement " , airfreight 。petition is especially fierce。 By being unlike way being engaged in the airfreight , in the homeland parcel , heavy cargo express mail,speed passes TNT , DHL , UPS , Fedex waiting for business。 Ocean shipping, does (2) resie China if Ma Shi Ji He Mei incorporates logistics , iron , these logistics enterprise has the fine ocean shipping network and handles experience, act for , how dyadic through transport , dock , harbour container logistics business (6) added value logistics such as serves , the finance serves , foreign trade , manpower and talented person rent if keeping logistics in a storehouse , matching, agency foreign ship providing international ocean shipping mainly, to wait。 A lot of finances carrying out the stock mortgage cooperating to 。e to gather money of for the exporter provides generation drawing in the banking institution passing in and out of trade middle , UPS and domestic few waiting are served。 (5) highway freight and entry-exit highway transportation , railroad freight。 Ma Shi Ji cooperates with Chinese in relation to enterprise also step by step in these fields。 That whole journey supply chain management (8), is just the fourth parties logistics pattern that we often mention , this is their business developing trend。 The 。pany who resolves a scheme if UPS has set up supply chain, expands the UPS business to the all-direction fourth parties logistics administration taking that logistics , express delivery , finance , supply chain consult about as core。 All above these transnational logistics enterprise concentrates the transnational enterprise and joint venture in our country on business marriage partner mainly, logistics field fields such as relating to the home appliance , automobile , IT , chemical instry , high technology , tele。munication , electron , medicine health care articles , silver procts , retail , food , selling a proct。 2 networks are developed opening up an exhibition unceasingly。 And exploitation facing the Chinese logistics marketplace, high-sounding words of logistics magnate numerous and confused promotes the Chinese area network construction plan abroad , a little world-level the logistics 。pany throws into sum network construction if DHL , UPS , Fedex , TNT have all enlarged the fund to Chinese area, Shanghai moving to Chinese numerously and confusedly with Asia-Pacific general headquarter waits for a field。 Transnational logistics enterprise concentrates economic growth such as Yangtze River delta area , centering on moist area of Beijing ring Bohai Bay area taking Shanghai as centre in centering on Hong Kong the Delta of the Pearl River area on net of our country mainly, quicker economic zone, 65。28% scatter on eastern region, 1。08% scatter on central region, 4。21% scatter on western region, the person main scatter city be Shanghai, Xiamen, Dalian, Tianjin, Qing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and so on harbour city and Nanjing, Beijing and so on part inland city, And face Middle West province city autonomous region expand step by step。 If Fedex is unique at present one international express 。pany having business network in South China , North China , eastern China。 Lately, FedEx takes Shanghai as centre having 220 cities net to serve 100 cities in China , the point planning the net increasing by 100 again before 2006, serves the city expanding serving to 2000。 Fedex is set up in Guangzhou white cloud international airport the Asia-Pacific luck turns in one's favour centre this July , is is that the gigantic freight marketplace especially the express marketplace hangs in the homeland has built strategy platform eat China mark, the goods that FedEx possessions conveys within Asia network, will transit shipment after white cloud airport; The branch 。pany of UPS supply chain 。pany in our country already amounts to 26 , international logistics business is all over the more than 130 our country city, Guangzhou , Shanghai and Hong Kong among them are that main part contacting Europe and American navigates point。 The UPS plan transships a centre in setting up aviation in Shanghai in 2007 , those transport to the American goods from China can carry out assignment process Shanghai , the USA goods distributes to everywhere also from Shanghai after 。ing in。 Build Shanghai after transshiping a centre, UPS will according to more aviation right number of runs or flights that future USA Ministry of Communications assigns, develop to Chinese western part and link with Europe every country。 8。 The achievement general situation climbs a litre unceasingly。 In recent several tens years , international short logistics express delivery four magnates UPS , Fedex , DHL , TNT have already occupied 10% market share of Chinese international express delivery , business amount and business earnings have increased by in China above keeping 20% without exception every year。 UPS increases by 36% 。pared with the same period of the last year in Chinese marketplace business amount in 2006 , sales volume reaches 86,700,000,000 U。 S。 dollar, Chinese area business exports amounts in 2008 2nd quarter, increasing 40% 。pared to the same term in 2001, gross profit doing business to UPS in 2005 with realizing 03%。 UPS is growing by amounts in the whole world business in 2006 being 60% , is ac。panying but middle bad。 h├ㄝygуov÷ǚtk绀印①fv÷ǚa