英语四级写作常用短语
⑴ 英语四级必备：这些高频词组要知道!
1.利远大于弊：The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.理论和实践相结合：integrate theory with practice
3. 劳动力市场：labor market
4.扩大知识面：expand one's scope of knowledge
5.可以替代 think 的词：
believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that
6.可靠的信息源：a reliable source of information
7.可降解的/可分解的材料：degradable / decomposable material
8.考虑到诸多因素：take many factors into consideration
9.开阔眼界：widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision
10.据报道：It is reported that...
11.就我而言/ 就个人而言：As far as I am concerned/ Personally
12.竞争与合作精神：sense of competition and cooperation
13.经济改革：economic reform
14.经济/心理负担：financial burden / psychological burden
15.解释，占...比例：account for
16.解决环境及社会不平衡的问题：
find solutions to environment and the imbalance of society
17.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息：exchange ideas / emotions / information
18.计划经济：planned economy
19.挥金如土：spend money like water
20.缓解压力/ 减轻负担：relieve stress / burden
21.环保的材料：environmentally friendly materials
22.归因于：be attribute to
23.更多地强调：put more emphasis on…
24.跟上…的最新发展：
keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of…
25.复杂的社会现象：a complicated social phenomenon
26.方便快捷：convenient and efficient
27.反映了社会进步的：mirror the social progress/advance
28.发挥日益重要作用：play an increasingly important role in…
29.而不是：rather than
30.对这一问题持有不同态度：hold different attitudes towards this issue
31. 对…有益：be beneficial to / be concive to…
32.对…有害：do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to
33.对…产生有利/不利的影响：exert positive / negative effects on…
34.对…必不可少：be indispensable to …
35.导致很多问题：give rise to / lead to / spell various problems
36.导致，引起：lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in
37.代替：replace / substitute / take the place of
38.大大方便了人们的生活：sth has greatly facilitated people's lives.
39.打下坚实的基础：lay a solid foundation for…
40.从另一个角度：from another perspective
41.充分利用：make full use of / take advantage of
42.承受更大的工作压力：suffer from heavier work pressure
43.不可推卸的义务：unshakable ty
44.不可否认：It is undeniable that…
45.保障社会稳定和繁荣：guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
46.宝贵的自然资源：valuable natural resources
47.把时间和精力放在…上：focus one's time and energy on…
48.有其自身的优缺点：has its own merits and demerits / pros and cons
49.主要理由列举如下：The main / leading reasons are listed as follows:
50.必然趋势：an irresistible trend of…
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⑵ 求几个英语四级作文常用的高级词汇和短语
一般来说，托福写作会涉及到一些固定的主题，整理这些主题所涉及到的词汇和句型，就有重要的意义。下面，小编为大家整理“托福写作高频词汇分类汇总”，希望对大家有所帮助。
1. 环保话题类 white pollute 白色污染 sustainable development 可持续发展 ecosystem 生态系统 environmental pollution 环境污染 over-fishing (overgrazing) 过度捕捞 (过度放牧) sand storm 沙尘暴 resource exhaustion 资源枯竭 water and soil conservation 水土保持 soil erosion 土壤流失 clear-cutting (deforestation) 滥砍滥伐 desertification 沙漠化 conserve natural resources 保护自然资源 shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺 disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡 natural preservation zone 自然保护区
2. 教育话题类 the craze for graate school 考研热 surf the internet 网上冲浪 cyberspace 网络空间 inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才 assignment of graates 毕业生分配 net friend 网友 examination-oriented ecation 应试教育 teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教 quality-oriented ecation 素质教育 compulsory ecation 义务教育 internet bar 网吧 alt (continuing) ecation 成人教育 distance ecation 远程教育 campus culture校园文化 two-way selection 双向选择 work-study program 勤工俭学 double degree 双学位 non-resident student 走读生 resident student 寄宿生 extracurricular activities 课外活动 self-taught examination 自学考试 become well-ecated through self-study 自学成才 to rece study load 学生减负 web-addiction 沉湎于上网
3. 社会热点类 Project Hope 希望工程 information revolution 信息革命 jerry-built projects 豆腐渣工程 population explosion 人口爆炸 epidemic disease 传染病 dropout students 失学儿童 laid-off worker 下岗工人 reemployment project 再就业工程 clone technology 克隆技术 migrate laborer 民工 crack down on counterfeit goods / fake procts 打假 devalue 贬值 expand domestic demand 扩大内需 state-owned enterprise 国有企业 deflation 通货紧缩 inflation通货膨胀 rechargeable card 冲值卡 Smooth Traffic Project 畅通工程 anti-fake label 防伪标志 poverty alleviation 扶贫 infrastructure construction 基础设施 vicious circle 恶性循环 gender discrimination 性别歧视 psychological quality心理素质 pattern of consumption 消费结构 consumers’ association消费者协会 green food绿色食品 money worship 拜金主意 Olympic committee 奥委会 host city 举办城市 bid for Olympic 申办奥运会
⑶ 英语四级作文常用词组
这是我们老师给我们总结的短语，应该没问题，呵呵，希望对你有所帮助1. at the thought of一想到…
. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论
3. at will 随心所欲
4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有
5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
11. on one’s own account
1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益
2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责
3) (=by oneself)依靠自己
12. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去
13. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.
15. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.
16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.
19. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
20. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
21. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
22. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)
23. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
24. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
25. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循
26. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的
27. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
28. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.
29. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.
30. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.
31. have an advantage over 胜过.
have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件
have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
32. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
33. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意
34. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
35. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.
36. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.
37. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.
38. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计
39. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.
40. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.
41. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.
42. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.
43. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.
44. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for
45. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
46. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
47. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用.
48. apply to 与…有关;适用
49. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准
50. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.
51. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…
52. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);
53. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻
54. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.
55. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结
56. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…
57. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料
58. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法
59. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果
60. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均
61. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.
62. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面
63. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.
64. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台
65. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃
66. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)
67. be based on / upon 基于
68. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上
69. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
70. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)
71. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义
72. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.
73. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.
74. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)
75. for the better 好转
76. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.
77. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生
78. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上
79. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)
80. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机
81. boast of (or about) 吹嘘
82. out of breath 喘不过气来
83. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之
84. in bulk 成批地,不散装的
85. take the floor 起立发言
86. on business 出差办事.
87. be busy with sth.于某事。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
88. last but one 倒数第二.
89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设
90. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买
91. be capable of 能够, 有能力
be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的
92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何
93. in case (=for fear that) 万一;
94. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一，in the case of 至于…, 就…而言
95. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)
96. be cautious of 谨防
97. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.
99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地
100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然1. at the thought of一想到…
2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论
3. at will 随心所欲
4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有
5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解
6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，
7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同…。不一致
9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据
11. on one’s own account
1) 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益
2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责
3) (=by oneself)依靠自己
12. take…into account(=consider)把..。考虑进去
13. give sb. an account of 说明， 解释 (理由)
14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释， 说明。
15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。
16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告
18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。
19. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
20. act on 奉行，按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
21. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
22. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编， 改写(以适应新的需要)
23. in addition (=besides) 此外， 又， 加之
24. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
25. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持， 遵循
26. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的， 临近的
27. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
28. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地。
29. in advance (before in time) 预告， 事先
30. to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地
31. have an advantage over 胜过
have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件
have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知道的事
32. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用
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⑷ 英语四级常用的词组有哪些
在英语四级考试中，对词组、短语的搭配一直备受重视，经常在各类题型中涉及。特别是由名词衍生出的一系列搭配方式，灵活多样，是各位考生复习的一个重点。对此，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课堂）老师也归纳了考试中常用的名词相关搭配，供您参考。
out of doors 在户外
face to face 面对面地
quite a few 不少，相当多
no wonder 难怪，并不奇怪
word for word 逐字地
decline with thanks 婉言谢绝
little by little 逐渐地，一点点地
fair play 公平竞赛，公平对待
quite a little 相当多，不少
no matter 无论
appeal to 呼吁，恳求
attempt at 企图，努力
attitude to/towards 态度，看法
rest room 厕所，盥洗室
primary school 小学
a great/good deal of 大量，非常，极其
influence in 干涉，介入
the moment (that) 一…(就)
trolley bus 电车
I.D. card 身份证
no more 不再
side by side 肩并肩地，一起
heart and soul 全心全意
step by step 逐步地
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直，始终
interference with 妨碍，打扰
introction to 介绍
fall in love (with sb) 爱上（某人）
reply to 回答，答复
credit card 信用卡
no doubt 无疑地，很可能
next door 隔壁 once upon a time 从前
once in a while 偶尔
⑸ 寻找英语四级写作高频高级词汇及短语
a matter of 几(分钟，里路，块钱等)的事；大约，左右；是个…问题，事关…
about of 即将；打算
absent from 不在；缺席
absorbed in 吸引；专心于…
account for 说明(原因)；解释；占…
adhere to 粘附在…上；坚持，遵守；依附
adjust to 调整以适应
after all 还是；终于；毕竟
aim of 瞄准；致力于…；旨在
all but 几乎，差点；除…之外的全部
all the while 一直地；始终
all the more 更加越发
all the same 尽管如此，仍旧
allow for 酌量；考虑到
and vice versa 反过来也一样
anything/nothing but 一点也不／只是；仅仅是
anything but 一点也不，决不是
nothing but 只是，只不过是 ．
apart from 除了；且不说
appeal to 要求；上诉；引起…注意
approve of 赞赏，同意；获准，认可
around the corner 在拐角处；即将到来
as a matter of course 当然，理所当然的(事)
as a result/consequence 结果；因此
as fellows 如下
as for/to/regards 至于，说到就…而言／关于
as it is (was) 实际上；按照原样
as it were 似乎；实际上可以这么说；简直是；可谓
as opposed to 和…相反；与…相对比
as well 也…；和
as/so far as 就…而言；至于; 到…程度；在…范围内
ask after/for 问候，询问，探问／请求；找某人;要求
at a stretch 不休息地，一口气地
at a time 一次
at all 一点也不，完全不(用于否定句)
at (the) best/worst 顶多，充其量也不过／最坏也就是
at (all) time 总是；无论何时，一直
at a loss 不知所措
at all/any cost(s) 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样，反正
at any moment 随时
at any rate 不管怎样；总而言之
at first 起初；开始
at first sight 乍一看，一见就
at intervals (of) 不时，时时；每隔…
at large 一般的；普遍的；详尽地；在逃；逍遥自在地
at leisure 有空闲，闲着的；从容地，慢慢地
at liberty 自由，有权(做某事)；闲着
at (the) most/least 至多／至少
at stake 关系到…的得失；在危险中
at that 就这样；而且
at sea 茫然，不知所措
at the mercy of 完全受…支配，听命于
at the moment 此刻
at the risk of 冒…的危险
attach to 附上；贴上；使隶属
attend to 处理，办理；照看，照料;注意,专心于
back up 支持；倒退
be bent on (upon) 一心想做(某事)
be better of 处境更好；情况转好
be bound to 肯定，注定；一定要; 决心
be composed of 由…组成
be concerned with 关于…，与…有关；参与…
be determined to 坚定；坚决；决心
be fed up with/about 对…厌烦了；讨厌
be fit for 适合
be inclined to 倾向于…；想要
be obliged to (do) 被迫，不得不
be obliged to 感谢
be related to 与…相关的，同…有亲戚关系
be/get tired/sick of 对…失去兴趣；厌烦
be/get used/accustomed to 习惯于
bear/keep in mind 记住；牢记
bear on/upon 对…施加压力；与…有关；对…有影响
before long 很快;不久以后
blow out (使火)熄灭；(轮胎)爆裂
blow up 炸毁；充气；放大(照片)；勃然大怒
boil/narrow down (to) 压缩成；归结为；简化为…
break down (机器)发生故障;(计划，谈判等)失败;分析；分解；破除；战胜；(感情)失控，(身体)垮了
break in 闯入；打断；训练；使驯服；使习惯于；
break into 闯入；打断；突然开始…；突然…起来
break out 突然暴发；逃脱
break through 突破；冲破；克服；挤过
break up 使粉碎；弄破；解散；结束；解体解散；中断；终止;(学校)放假使苦恼;恳(地)
bring down 使垮台；失败；击落，打下；降低(物价，温度等)
bring forward 把…提前；提议；建议；(会计)把(账目)结转到(次页)
bring in 带来；引进；提出；挣得(报酬等)；生产，产生；收获；(陪审团)下(判决)
bring out 出版；上演；显露出；现出；使人有勇气开口
bring up 抚养，教育；提出(问题等)；呕吐
bring/come/put/carry into effect 开始生效；实施
build up 积累；聚集；增进(健康)；增强(体格)；确立(信誉)；吹捧
burn down 烧光；把…烧成平地
burst out/into 突然发生；突然…起来，怒放
but for 除…以外；如果没有（虚拟语气）
by accident/chance (纯粹)偶然地；碰巧；无意
by all means 务必，一定，千方百计
by no means 决不，一点，也不
by and large 大体上；基本上；总的说来
by for 更加…得多；尤其；最…
by means/way of 用；以；依靠(某种方法，工具，工艺等)/作为;当作;经由
by reason of 因为；由于
by the way 顺便说一句
by virtue of 因；靠；由于；借助于
call for 去接人；取(物件)；要求；提倡
call off 宣告终止；取消；(使注意力)转移开；放弃
call on/upon 指名要(某人)去干(某事)；请求；号召；动用
call up 打电话；召集，召唤；征召(服役)；使人回忆起;从计算机中调出(资料)
calm/cool down 平静下来；使(人)冷静下来
capable of (人)敢于；能…的；易于做出…的;(事)能…的;易…的
care for/about 照顾；关照；喜欢；喜爱／关心；在意
carry away 使激动得失去控制，使入迷，使倾倒
carry back (to) 使回忆起
carry forward 发扬；推进；转入下一页下期等
carry off 夺走，诱拐；夺去…生命；获得(奖品等)
carry on 继续；喧闹，起哄；从事；处理；经营；开展
carry out 完成；落实；贯彻；实现；执行
carry through 贯彻到底；度过难关；支持到底
cast doubt (on) 使人怀疑
change for the better/worse 改进；改善；好转／恶化；每况愈下
change/speak one's mind 改变决定或主意／直抒己见
charge (sb.) with 使负…罪名；托付，使负担
check in/out 签到；报到；办理(住宿，乘机等)手续；退房登记;办清手续后离开；检查，核对
check up 体格检查；核对，检查
clean up 扫除，清洗干净；收拾干净；搬空；肃清;扫除;
clear away 消除；收拾
clear up 整理；解决，澄清，说明白；转晴；变好
close up 关闭；阻塞；(人)互相靠紧；(伤口)愈合
come about 发生，(风等)改变方向
come across (无意中)碰到，找到，想到
come along/on 来呀；赶快；一道来；赞成；进步／赶快；登台;(病,痛苦)加重，加深；来临；接着开始
come back 回到原来的(地方，话题等)；突然想起；重新流行;恢复，复原，复苏；复辟
come down 下降，跌价
come down to 归根结底；实质上是；实际意味着
come in 到来，出现；进入；兴起；到成熟期;上台执政;其作用
come/get/keep in (to) contact/touch 与…联系，接触；交往
come off 松开；脱落；剥落；(如期)发生；实现；奉行；应验
come out 现出，露出；出版；发行；结果是…；取得(第…名)；罢工；解答出来；消失褪去；源于；来自；发表，讲出
come (a)round 来访；转而同意某看法；恢复知觉；苏醒
come to (a standstill/an end/light/no harm/the rescue of) 苏醒过来；恢复知觉(停止／结束／发现；显露／无害；无碍／营救；救援)
come up with/to 提出；赶上；达到…标准；到达；不辜负(众望)
compete with/against 同…竞争；与…相匹敌；竞赛；竞争
complain about/of 抱怨；叫屈；申诉；投诉/自诉有…病痛
concern about 关心；担心
count on 指望；期待(某人)相助
critical of 对…持批评态度的；对…苛求的
cross out 删除；划掉
cut down 削减；减少；砍伐
cut off 切断；截止；中断供应(疾病等)使(人)死亡；叫(人)闭口无言
cut out 割掉；删去；戒掉；省掉
cut short 剪短；削短；(突然)中止；打断；缩短；从简
deal/cope with 办理；处理；对付；论述；与…打交道，做买卖，妥善;处理；对应付
devote to 献身于…；致力于
die away 消逝；减弱；渐息
die down 平息；平静下来；熄灭
die from/of 由于…而死／因(患)…而死,…死于
die for 迫切想要(某物)；渴望
die off 相继死亡；绝种
die out 熄灭，绝种，不复存在
do away with 除去；废除；干掉；杀死
do/try one's best/utmost 努力；尽力而为
do/go without 没有也行
do wrong/justice (to) 对待(某人)不公平;冤枉某人／逼真；出色；处置公道；公正对待
draw back 退回，往后退；不履行
draw in 拉入，吸人; (火车，汽车)进站，到达;吸收参加;(日子)逐渐变短；收(网)；紧缩开支
draw on 接近；靠近；临近；利用；依赖；凭借； (紧身衣物)穿，戴
draw out 取出；拔出； (火车，汽车)缓缓开出； (白天)逐渐变长；拉长，延长；拟订
draw up 起草；拟订；(使车、马)停下
dress up 化装；装饰；打扮
drop in (over) 顺访；串门
drop off 睡着；(客人)一个个地散去；(兴趣等)减弱
drop out 逃(学)；离队出走
dry up 干瘪；干涸；(思路等)枯竭
engage in 从事；进行
equal to 相等；相同；敌得过；担得起;胜任
even if/though 即使；甚至
every other 每隔…一(天、周等)；所有其他
except for/that 除…之外；只是
fall back (on) 撤退；退缩(求助于；投靠；转而依靠)
fall behind 落后；被甩在后面，拖欠
fall on/upon 碰到，看到；降临；落到；袭击；适逢(日期)
fall out (头发，牙齿)脱落；掉；掉下来；掉队；(队伍)原地解散；不和；吵翻了
fall through 落空；失败
famous for 以…著称，闻名；驰名
far from 远离，远非；根本谈不上；决不是；差得远
feel like 想做(某事)；感到像是…的样子
fill in 填写；填充；填满；对…提供最新情况；
fill out/up 填写；长丰满，长胖；变粗装满；填写；充满；占掉(地方或时间)
find fault (with) 找…岔子；挑剔
find out 发现；找出；弄清楚；认识到；查明
follow up 继而进行…；追踪，跟踪
fond of 爱好；喜欢
for all (that) 尽管；如此, 还是
for ever/good 永久；永远
for/in fear (of) 唯恐；以免为…而担心
for the sake of 为了；为了…的好处，利益
free of/from 不受…影响的；摆脱了…的
from time (door/side) to time (door/side) 时时；不定期地(挨家挨户／左右摇摆;晃动)
get across (使人)了解；讲清楚
get/go ahead 赶过；胜过；有进展／开始；进行中；继续下去；走在前面，先走
get around/round (to) 克服(困难)；避开；(消息)传开；(终于有时间)做某事
get at 够得着；拿得到；弄清，了解；意指，暗示
get away (with) 逃脱；逃跑
get/learn by heart 牢记，熟记；背得出
get down (to) (使人)不快；沮丧；写下；咽下(to)开始认真做…
get even (with) 报复，和…算账
get/take/catch hold of 弄到手；掌握；了解；知道(去向)
get in the way 妨碍，阻碍
get off (with) 下车；出发；离去；不涉足，避开；脱下(衣服等)；使免遭处罚
get on (with) 相处；继续做；进行下去；顺利发展；上车；穿(衣)；上年纪
get out/into 离去；逃走；退出；出去；取出；拿出；拨出；出版；谈话吃力；(消息)走漏；泄露／进入；穿上；成癖；陷于；研究；从事于；变成
get over 越过；恢复；完成，结束；克服(困难)；解决难题
get rid of 除去；丢弃；扔掉；摆脱；消灭
get the better 胜过，超过；占上风；左右；支配
get through 完成；到达；渡过；用光；(使人)明白；通过；接通(电话)
get together 集会；聚会
get up 起床；站起;举办；安排；化装；打扮
get up to 到达；赶上
give away 背弃；出卖;泄露;散掉,给掉(钱财)
give in/way (to) 屈服；让步;递交;交上;让位于，转变为；听任支配
give out 分发;分配;失灵；报废；用尽；耗光
give rise to 引发；导致；产生
given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
go after 寻找；追求
go by 通过；经过；依照…行事；根据…的说法
go down 去某地；下去；跪下；咽下；(日)落；(船)沉;病倒；垮台；(计算机)停机(故障)
go down with 为…所接受，为…所相信，为…所心服
go for 去(做某事)；去请，去找，去拿；想要，愿做，喜欢；可应用于；赞成；被认为
go in for 从事；参加(考试；竞赛)；喜欢上(业余爱好)
go into 调查；研究加入；从事；投入；进人…状态；撞车
go off 离开；消失；昏过去；睡着；爆炸；爆发出；开始；(食品)变质；进行
go out 出去；熄灭；公布，发表；过时，不再流行
go over 越，渡，转向；仔细检查；仔细推敲
go through 遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过
go up 升高；提高；涨高；增长；盖起；建造起；被烧(炸)毁；(舞台幕布)拉起
go with 连带；带有；伴随；与…匹配；同…协调
grow away from 与…疏远起来
grow from 由…长大，由…发展起来
grow in 在…方面成长;增加(力量等)
grow into 成长为,发展为
grow on 使越来越感兴趣，渐渐成为习惯；加深对…的影响
grow out of 由…产生；长高大了(衣服等)穿不上；抛弃;戒除(恶习)
grow up 长大成人；成长；发展
hand down (财产，技术或知识)往下传,传给(后人)
hand in 交进来(去)；交上去；递交;面呈
hand out 派送；分发；(乱)给(批评，处分，忠告等)
hand over/on to 捐赠；移交；让与；将…移交给；交出；将…送交，依次传递
hang about/around 闲逛；转悠；观望／闲逛；缠(人)；与…泡在一起
hang back 畏缩不前；迟疑(不肯做某事)
hang behind 迟迟不离开，落在后面
hang on/to 稍等；坚持住；赖着不走；抱(推，抓)住不放
hang out 晾衣服；居住，呆(在某处)；停留
hang together 团结合作，互相支持；一致，不矛盾
hang up 挂起来；挂上话筒；耽搁，搁置
have/give access to 得以进入；可以接近
have/give an/the advantage over 比…占上风；有利／优于…
have to do with 与…有关系
hit on/upon 无意中找到；偶然想出
hold back 犹豫(该不该做某事)；阻止；阻碍；隐瞒；忍住
hold in 抑制(情绪等)，控制住
hold on (to) 坚持下去；等一等；别挂电话
hold on to 抓住不放
hold out 坚持要求；坚持到底；守住；提出；伸出；主张;坚持；维持
hold out for 坚持(得到…)而不肯妥协
hold together (合在)一起；团结在一起
hold up 举起；托住；支撑；使停滞;耽搁；提出；阻挡；列举，推举；(理论等)经得住
hunt for 搜索;探求
hurry up 赶快;快点
if only 只要；哪怕；要是…就好了；真希望
in a sense/way 在某种意义上；有一点儿／在某些方面；有几分；稍微
in a word 总而言之；一言以蔽之
in accordance with 照；根据；与…一致；合乎
in addition (to) 加之；另外；除…之外又
in advance (of) 比…先进；提前；提早；预先;事先;在…之前
in any case/event 而且；总之；无论如何；好歹
in case (of) 如果；万一；倘；以便；以防;以备;如有
in charge of 主持；领导；主管…的；照看…的
in common (with) 共同；相通；与…同样
in conclusion 最后；总之
in confidence 私下里；秘密地；暗中
in conflict (with) 和…矛盾；和…发生冲突;与…相抵触
in connection with 关于…；与…有关；有联系
in consequence (of) 因此；结果；…结果；因为…的缘故
in/by contrast/comparison to/with 与…对比；对照；和…大不相同／和…比起来；与相比
in debt 负债；欠钱
in defense 保卫；保护
in detail 详细；详尽
in disguise 伪装;乔装;假装；隐瞒；掩饰；假象；貌似
in exchange for 交换;调换
in favor (of) 支持；赞成；对…有利；偏向
in force/effect 有效；生效；在实施中在有效期中／实际上；事实上有效；生效；在实施中
in front of 在…的正对面；在…前边；对面；当…的面
in general/particular 总之；大体上；一般；普遍／尤其；特别
in honor of 向…表示尊敬；为祝贺…
in (the) light of 考虑到；依照；根据
in line 排队；排列；同意；准备就绪；按顺序; 受约束
in control 由…控制；管理
in office 执政；在位
in/within sight 看得见；在眼前；在望；不远了
in a way 有点；稍微；在某种意义上
in a big/small way 大/小规模地
in memory of 为纪念…
in need/want of 需要；急需
in order (that/to) 以便；为了
in other words 换句话说；换言之
in place of 代替；而不是；更换; 顶替
in progress 在进行中；尚未完工
in proportion (to/with) 和…成比例；和…相关;
in question 讨论中的；谈及的；争论中的
in/with respect of/to 关于
in return 回报；付给
in search of 寻找；搜寻；查究
in secret/private/public 私下；暗地／不公开; 私下；秘密地／当众；公开地
in short/brief/sum 简言之；总之
in spite of 虽然；不管；不顾；纵使
in support of 维护…；支持…；证实…
in that 因为
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；考虑到这种情况
in the course of 在…期间；在…的过程中
in the end 最后；最终；结果；终归
in the face of 面临；不顾(反对等)
in the first place 起初；首先；早先
(not) in the least/the least bit 一点(也不)；丝毫(不); (常用于强调否定)
in the long/short run 结果；最后／暂时：目前
in the name of 在…的名下；以…的名义；为…的缘故
in no/good time 立刻；马上，一转眼工夫；迅速地；恰好
in vain 徒劳；无益
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
independent of 独立于…之外；不依赖…的；不受…支配的
inform of 告诉；报告；通知
insist (on/upon) 坚决主张；坚决要求；坚持认为；定要；坚持要
instead of 代替；而不是
interfere with 干涉；干预；妨碍；干扰；影响
involve in 涉及；卷入；陷入；使进入；使连累
join in 参加;加入
jump to a conclusion 草率决定;贸然断定
keep down 控制，限制，；低下；蹲下;躺下;压住;压制;镇压；忍住了呕吐；缩减
keep from 隐瞒，瞒住；避开；使免于
keep off 驱散；避开；防止，挡住；不接近
keep on 继续…；不停地…
keep to 恪守；遵守；遵循；按…办；坚持(做)
keep to the (a) minimum 控制到最低限度；尽可能短(少)
keep under control 控制(监视等)
keep up (with) 跟上；赶上；保持；不落在后面；及时了解(情况)
knock down 拆除；拆卸；打倒，撞倒；使减价
knock off 下班，停止工作；减低，扣掉；匆忙做完(写完)
knock out 敲出；击倒；击昏；使失效；匆匆做好；(药物)使入睡knock over 打翻
know of/about 知道；听说
lack of 不够；不足；没有
laugh off 一笑置之；把…当儿戏
lay down 放下；放弃(想法态度等)；拟订(计划等)；兴建;规定；制定
lay off 暂时解雇；休息；休养
lay out 展开；铺开；摆开；说明，表达(想法等)；设计；布置；准备人殓
lead the way 向导；领路；引路
lead to 领；带；导向；通向；通往；导致；造成
leak out 走漏(消息等)；(水，煤气等)泄露
lean on 对…施加压力；讹诈；逼迫；倚靠；依靠
leave behind 抛弃；忘记带；把…拉下；落后
leave out 遗漏；省去；删去；不考虑
lead to 把…借给；把钱贷给；使…增添了…,使…有了
let alone 更不用说；更别提
let down 使(人)失望；放下；放(长)衣服；不支持
let off 免除；放过；放掉(气)；放(枪)；引爆(炸弹)；准许…暂时停止工作
let out 释放；放走；放(水，气)；出租(房屋)；把(衣服)放大
level off/out 稳定；持平；整平；弄平；水平飞行
line up 排队；列队；整顿；排列整齐；排成行；安排妥当；与…站在一起
live on/by 继续活着；靠…生活；以食…为生／按照或遵循…(准则)而生活；靠…过活
live through 渡过；熬过
live up to 配得上。不愧于；不负；按，…行事；使行为和…相符
live with 接(忍)受(令人不快的事物等)
long for 渴望；向往
look after 照看；照管
look at 看；查看；考虑；对待
look down on/upon 小看…；蔑视…
look for 寻找；寻求；期望；指望
look forward to 盼望；期待
look into 调查；深入了解；研究
look like 看上去像；似将；好像要
look out 当心；注意；警惕；查出; 找出；挑选
look over 检阅；检查
look to 求助；有赖于；注意；照顾；
look up to 尊敬
lose contact/touch (with) 失去联系；联络中断
lose/save one's face 丢脸；失去自尊与别人的信任／保全名声；留面子
lose/keep one's head 发怒；慌张；失去理智，(头脑)发昏／保持镇静；不慌不忙
lose/keep trace/track (of) 不知下落;失去联系／跟踪；密切注视…的动向
major in 主修；专攻
make away/off with 携…而逃；干掉。杀死；(钱)挥霍
make (a/an) effort/face/friends/fuss/living/move/no difference/noise 努力；尽力／做鬼脸；与…交朋友／大吵大闹 ／谋生／动身;采取行动；无所谓：没关系／嚷嚷，胡搅
make for 往…走去；向…前进；有助于；促进
make good 成功；兑现诺言；实现；补偿；消除不良影响
make light/little of 不放在眼里；等闲视之／轻视；贬抑
make out 理解；看清楚；辨认；起草(文件等)；假装；填写;开(票等)
make room/way (for) 给…让出(地方，路)
make sense(love/money/peace/use) 有意义；讲得通；有道理(做爱／挣钱／讲和／使用)
make sure/certain 确保；确实；务必
make the best/most of 善于处理…；充分利用(使用)
make up 化妆；配制；调制；整理床铺(房间)；组成；构成；
编造，捏造；和解，言归于好；弥补；补偿
many (of) (…中的)许多
mark out 划出边线；标出界线
may/might as well 不妨…；还是…的好；最好…
meet/satisfy the need 满足需要
mix up 把…搞混，混淆；搞乱
more often than not 通常；多半
no matter + what-word 不管…；无论…
no/none other than 不是别人，正是…；恰恰是
no wonder 难怪；不足为奇
not nearly 远非；远不及；相差很远
not to mention/speak of 更不用说；更不必说
now that 既然
object to 反对；抗议；不支持
occur to 突然想到(一个主意等)
off and on 时而；断断续续地
on a large/small scale 大批量；大规模川、批量;小规模
on account of 因为
on (an/the) average 平均；平均说来
on behalf of 代表某人；为某人；以某人名义
on condition that 若…则；在…的条件下；只要…就
on earth 究竟；到底；全然，一点也(强调否定)；世界上
on end 竖立着；立；连续不断
on guard/the watch 值班警戒；看守／密切注视 ；守候
on purpose 故意；意欲
on/for sale 出售；上市；廉价出售／出售(尤指私房，私车等物)
on show/view 展览；展出／公展
on the basis/grounds/understanding that 基于…；以…为基础／因为／以…为条件,如果
on the contrary 正相反；然而；可是；相反地
on the point of 正要…(的时候)；正打算
on the side/part of 支持；在…一边／代表…；就…而言
on the spot 在现场；当场；立即
on the whole 总体上；从整体来看；基本上
on trail 受审；在试验中；试行；试用
once and for all 最后一次；无疑地；彻底地；永远地
once in a while b时而；有时
one...after another/after the other 一个接一个；接连；挨次
or else 否则；要不然
or rather 毋宁说；更确切地说
or so 大约，差不多
other than 除…之外；不同于；非
out of (breath/condition/date/the question/work) 呼吸急促／身体欠佳／过时的／不可能的／失业
over and over (again) 一次又一次；反复
owing to 由于，因为
pass away 去世；死；消失；消磨(时间)；停止；结束
pass by 从旁经过；忽略；回避；不予理会
pass for 被认为是，被当作…；冒充…
pass off 逐渐消失；不加理会，回避；顺利；进行;把…冒充为，假称是
pass on 传给；传下去；转入，往下谈；去世
pass out 失去知觉．晕倒：死掉
pass over 不管．略而不谈：不计较，不追究；过去；去世
pass through 穿过，通过；经历，经受；上完(大学)
pass the way (for) 为铺平道路；为…做好准备；使…更易
pay back 偿还；报复
pay for 付…的钱，赔偿；为…付代价；得到报应
pay off 偿还掉，付掉；把工钱付掉；付掉工资加以解雇;有利可图；有报偿；是值得的，合算
pay up 偿还(欠款)，全部付清
pick out 认出；辨出；选择；挑出
pick up 拾起；拿起；慢慢爬起身来；(开车)去接；逮捕；偶然学得；得(病)；恢复(健康等)；挣一笔钱
pile up 堆集；成堆；积累；增集
play a part/role (in) 在…方面起作用
play down 使(某事)显得不重要；贬低；缩小
play on/upon 利用(别人的情绪等以达到自己的目的)
play out 演完，做完；用光；使破产；使精疲力竭；输光
play a trick (joke) (on) 捉弄；恶作剧
play up 使…显得更重要；夸张；宣扬，鼓吹；开始奏乐；使恼火；(比赛中)加油，用劲
play with 玩，玩弄
point out 使注意；指出
prior to 在…之前
provide
⑹ 想要一些英语四级作文要用的主题句以及词组，以及4级高频或常用词汇表和最新的4级英语作文范文啊，谢谢。
vacant a.空的；未被占用的
vacation n.假期，休假
vacuum n.真空；真空吸尘器
vague a.模糊的，含糊的
vain a.徒劳的；自负的
valid a.有效的；正当的
valley n.(山)谷，溪谷；流域
valuable a.值钱的；有价值的
value n.价值；价格 vt.评价
van n.大篷车，运货车
vanish vi.突然不见，消失
vanity n.虚荣心，虚夸
vapour n.汽，蒸气
variable a.易变的 n.变量
variation n.变化，变动；变异
variety n.多样化；种类；变种
various a.各种各样的，不同的
vary vt.改变；使多样化
vase n.瓶，花瓶
vast a.巨大的；大量的
vegetable n.植物；蔬菜
vehicle n.车辆，机动车
veil n.面纱，面罩；遮蔽物
velocity n.速度，速率
velvet n.丝绒，天鹅绒
venture n.&vi.冒险 vt.敢于
verb n.动词
verify vt.证实，查证；证明
version n.译文；说法；改写本
vertical a.垂直的，竖式的
very ad.很；完全 a.真的
vessel n.容器；船，飞船；管
vest n.汗衫；背心；内衣
veteran n.老兵，老手
vex vt.使烦恼，使恼火
via prep.经过；通过
vibrate vt.使颤动 vi.颤动
vibration n.颤动，振动；摆动
vice n.罪恶；恶习；缺点
vice n.(老)虎钳
victim n.牺牲者，受害者
victorious a.胜利的，得胜的
victory n.胜利，战胜
video a.电视的 n.电视
view n.看；视力；风景
viewpoint n.观点，看法，见解
vigorous a.朝气蓬勃的
village n.乡村，村庄
vine n.葡萄树
vinegar n.醋
violence n.猛烈，激烈；暴力
violent a.猛烈的；狂暴的
violet n.紫罗兰
violin n.小提琴
virtually ad.实际上，事实上
virtue n.善；美德；优点
visible a.可见的，看得见的
vision n.视；想象力；梦幻
visit vt.&n.访问，参观
visitor n.访问者；游客
visual a.看的；看得见的
vital a.生命的；有生命力的
vitamin n.维生素，维他命
vivid a.鲜艳的；生动的
vocabulary n.词汇表；词汇，语汇
voice n.说话声；意见；语态
volcano n.火山
volleyball n.排球，排球运动
volt n.伏特，伏
voltage n.电压
volume n.卷，册；容积；音量
voluntary a.自愿的，志愿的
vote n.选举，投票，表决
voyage n.&vi.航海，航wage n.工资，报酬
wage vt.开展(运动)
waggon n.四轮运货马车
waist n.腰，腰部
wait vi.等，等候 n.等待
waiter n.侍者，服务员
wake vi.醒，醒来 vt.唤醒
waken vi.醒来 vt.弄醒
walk vi.&n.走，步行
wall n.墙，壁，围墙，城墙
wallet n.钱包，皮夹子
wander vi.漫游；迷路；离题
want vt.要 n.需要；缺乏
war n.战争；冲突，斗争
warm a.温暖的；热烈的
warmth n.暖和，温暖；热烈
warn vt.警告 vi.发生警告
wash vt.洗；冲出 vi.洗涤
waste n.浪费；废物；垃圾
watch vt.&vi.观看 n.手表
water n.水 vt.使湿，灌溉
waterfall n.瀑布
waterproof a.不透水的，防水的
wave n.波；波涛 vi.波动
wavelength n.波长
wax n.蜡，蜂蜡
way n.路；路线；方向
we pron.(主格)我们
weak a.弱的；软弱的
weaken vt.削弱 vi.变弱
weakness n.虚弱，软弱；弱点
wealth n.财富，财产；丰富
wealthy a.富的，富裕的
weapon n.武器，兵器
wear vt.穿着，戴；磨损
weary a.疲倦的 vt.使疲乏
weather n.天气
weave vt.织，编 vi.纺织
wedding n.婚礼
Wednesday n.星期三
weed n.杂草，野草 vi.除草
week n.星期，周
weekday n.周日，工作日
weekend n.周末，周末假期
weekly a.每周的 ad.每周
weep vi.哭泣，流泪
weigh vt.称…的重量；掂量
weight n.重；砝码；重担
welcome int.&n.&vt.欢迎
weld vt.&n.焊接，熔接
welfare n.幸福，福利
well n.井
well ad.好；完全地 int.嘿
well-known a.众所周知的，出名的
west n.西；西洋 a.西方的
western a.西方的，西部的
westward a.向西的 ad.向西
wet a.湿的；下雨的
what pron.什么 a.什么
whatever pron.无论什么
wheat n.小麦
wheel n.轮，车轮
when ad.什么时候；当…时
whenever conj.无论何时，每当
where ad.在哪里 pron.哪里
wherever ad.究竟在哪里
whether conj.是否
which pron.哪一个 a.哪一个
whichever a.无论哪个，无论哪些
while conj.当…的时候；而
whilst conj.&n.当…的时候
whip vt.鞭笞；搅打 n.鞭子
whirl vt.使回旋 vi.&n.回旋
whisky n.威士忌酒
whisper vt.低声地讲 vi.低语
whistle n.口哨 vi.吹口哨
white a.白的 n.白色
whitewash vt.粉刷，涂白
who pron.谁；…的人
whoever pron.谁；无论谁
whole a.完整的 n.全部
wholly ad.完全地，全部
whom pron.(宾格)谁
whose pron.谁的；哪个人的
why ad.为什么
wicked a.坏的；令人厌恶的
wide a.宽阔的 ad.全部地
widely ad.广，广泛
widen vt.加宽 vi.变宽
widespread a.分布广的，普遍的
widow n.寡妇
width n.宽阔，广阔；宽度
wife n.妻子
wild a.野生的；野蛮的
will aux.v.将要，会；愿
willing a.愿意的，心甘情愿的
win vi.获胜，赢 vt.赢得
wind n.风；气息，呼吸
wind vt.绕，缠绕 vi.卷曲
window n.窗子，窗户，窗口
wine n.葡萄酒，果酒
wing n.翼，翅膀，翅
winner n.获胜者，优胜者
winter n.冬天，冬季
wipe vt.&n.揩，擦
wire n.金属线；电缆；电信
wireless a.不用电线的，无线的
wisdom n.智慧，才智；名言
wise a.有智慧的，聪明的
wish vt.祝；想要 n.希望
wit n.智力，才智，智能
with prep.和…一起；具有
withdraw vt.收回；撤回vi.撤退
within prep.在…里面
without prep.无，没有，不
withstand vt.抵挡，反抗
witness n.证据；证人 vt.目击
wolf n.狼
woman n.妇女，女人，女性
wonder n.惊异，惊奇；奇迹
wonderful a.惊人的；极好的
wood n.树林，森林；木头
wooden a.木制的；呆板的
wool n.羊毛；毛线，绒线
woollen a.羊毛制的，毛线的
word n.词；话；消息；语言
work n.工作；职业 vi.工作
worker n.工人；工作者，人员
workman n.工人，劳动者，工匠
workshop n.车间，工场；创作室
world n.世界；世人；世间
world-wide a.遍及全球的
worm n.虫，蠕虫
worry vt.使烦恼 vi.发愁
worse a.更坏的 ad.更坏
worship n.礼拜；崇拜 vt.崇拜
worst a.最坏的 ad.最坏地
worth a.值…的 n.价值
worthless a.无价值的，无用的
worthwhile a.值得花时间的
worthy a.有价值的；值得的
would aux.v.将；愿；总是
wound n.创伤，伤 vt.使受伤
wrap vt.裹，包，捆 n.披肩
wreath n.花环，花圈，花冠
wreck n.失事；残骸 vt.破坏
wrist n.腕，腕关节
write vt.书写；写 vi.写
writer n.作者，作家，文学家
writing n.书写，写；著作
wrong a.错误的 ad.错Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening," and it comes every October 31, the evening before All Saints' Day. However, it is not really a church holiday, it is a holiday for children mainly.
Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put a burning candle inside. It looks as if there were a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o'-lanterns, which means "Jack of the lantern".
The children also put on strange masks and frightening costumes every Halloween. Some children paint their faces to look like monsters. Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house. Every time they come to a new house, they say,"Trick or treat! Money or eat!" The grown-ups put treat-money or candy in their bags.
Not only children, but most grown-ups also love Halloween and Halloween parties because on this day,they can disguise themselves as personages or ghost as their imaginations will lead them. This bring them the satisfaction of being young
⑺ 列举英语四级作文常用衔接词.比如说"相反地","进一步说","另外"什么的.带例句,范文更好
1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to； e to； for the reason that...； in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but unless.
4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as... is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比较关系： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this； nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand.
8) 举例关系:for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may as／say； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is...; consider...； in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly； as an illustration， I will say...； a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...； It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably; other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.
11) 归纳总结类： in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.
12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.
14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).
17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously
写作模板:
辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）. Some people are of the view that 观点1, while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1.
Furthermore, 论据2.
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3.
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点.
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
图表式作文
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？
B． 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？
C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
英语四六级写作绝招
开头万能公式
1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！
原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
更多经典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计
原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
结尾万能公式
1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？
更多句型：
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
写作的“七项基本原则”
一、 长短句原则
工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！
强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、 主题句原则
国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！
特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一二三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！
四、 短语优先原则
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
I want it.
可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、 多实少虚原则
原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：
走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room
小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room
小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room
老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room
所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六、 多变句式原则
1）加法（串联）
都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短语可以用：
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2）转折（拐弯抹角）
批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
更多的短语：
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3）因果（so, so, so）
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短语：
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。
举例：This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
When to go, Why he goes away…
5）附加（多此一举）
如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6）排比（排山倒海句）
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏）
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、 挑战极限原则
既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！
原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！
文章主体段落三大杀手锏
一、举实例
思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
更多句型：
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example
二、做比较
方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；
世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：
相似的比较：
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比较：
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
三、换言之
没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我们举过的例子：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
更多短语：
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
四六级写作常见句型
（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型
①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,
④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …
（2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has