大学英语阅读理解题的设计

❶ 英语：阅读理解的问题是如何设计的

相很多同学反映考研英语阅读理解题目太刁钻了。国家考研英语阅卷组成员、中国人民大学()外语学院副教授郭庆民老师为大家讲解一下考研英语阅读理解考题分析及解答技巧。 郭庆民：今天在这里我将再次为大家剖析一下考研英语阅读理解的部分考题，并详细介绍一下对应的解答技巧。 英语的提高是个日积月累，厚积薄发的过程，也是逆水行舟、不进则退的过程。你可以花一个月时间突击政治。但绝不敢自恃英语基础不错，放松英语的学习。提高英语成绩的捷径，我认为是多做阅读题：一是阅读理解的分值太高了，决定着考研的成败、考生的命运，无法不重视。二是阅读理解在巩固词汇，培养语感，提高英语水平方面有不可替代作用。 我们应该都注意到了，考研英语阅读文章的体裁大部分都是说明文和议论文。而这种体裁的文章，都是逻辑非常严密的文章。命题专家组不但选文是逻辑性强的，考察重点也是逻辑性较强的。我们经常遇到的“看懂了文章，却做不对题目”正是由于我们仅仅看懂了文章的字面意思，没有去认真体会文章的逻辑关系。 另外，考研作文长久以来的“三段式”也是直接考察逻辑思维的。结构一般是这样的： 主题(本质)段： 拿出主题X的句子+定义X的句子 展开段： 正推1+逻辑证明正推1； 正推2+逻辑证明正推2。 总结段： 对主题用辨证逻辑来下结论。 考研阅读一般会在首句给出文章主题A，要养成认出A马上就问自己以上两个问题的习惯。比如首句是“人是自私的吗？”，那么显然，自私就是A，作者一般会对A做概念解释，然后通过正面证明自己观点和反驳相反观点的一系列逻辑推理来得出结论。那么，命题专家组就是要考察我们的这种逻辑思维能力。 下面我们实战演练一篇考题来让同学们进一步领会一下： 2004年研究生入学考试英语试题 Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”.[本文的主题词在第二句P.S.A个人搜索工具。看到主题A应该怎么做？问自己A是什么、A作用根据] It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.[很好，符合我们的思维，作者马上对A做了定义] Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. [更好，这几句是对A能够作用举例论证。逻辑性非常强] 本段小结一下：主题+主题定义+主题根据。出题点不可能问主题是什么(都告诉我们了还考什么啊！一定是考紧跟其后的主题定义或者主题根据，又由于主题定义作者给的非常清楚明白，因此，重点出题点可能在主题根据) With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents rece the need for repeated visits to the databases.[讲了PSA的优势1：省时高效] But [刚才是PSA的优势，看到转折词，应该提醒自己了，要说劣势了]although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.[很好，和我们预期的一样，连专家都说有缺点了] Narrowing your criteria[讲劣势1，之后显然是“拉虎皮做大旗”，用专家的话来证明其劣势], for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert. 本段讲了主题的优劣，是辨证的思维方式。小时候说“XXX是坏人”就不是辨证的思维。出题点肯定是优势1或者劣势1了。 For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. [劣势1的主人不再仅仅是PSA，而且是所有工作搜索工具，归纳思想]“There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead,[好了，都“辨证”的看了优劣了，估计作者要讲怎样辨证的使用PSA了] the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. [太好了。我们的思路和作者几乎一致了。] 本段的重心在“辨证使用PSA”。出题点可能就这一个。 Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. [在“开发PSA－PSA－使用PSA”这个关系里，后两个都讲了，现在讲到开发PSA了]When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do. [讲开发者的吸引回访策略1]“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. [又是用别人的话再次论证此策略之成功] 本段是关系式里的头把交椅“开发者”，因此，必然会对其策略出题。 Even[强调词] those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. [再次转回使用者，并且扩大使用者的范围。下面一定会论证凭什么扩大这个范围]Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. [的确。]Although happily employed, Redmon[Redmon再次闪亮登场！目的就是进一步证明作者的推理无误] maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. 本段是结尾段。但似乎没有结束，这说明此文可能是节选。重心在使用者范围的扩大上。题目一定在“扩大”上做文章。 那么，现在我来分析问题。 41. How did Redmon find his job? [找到了工作就是主题根据。作者费尽口舌就是为了说明PSA有用。我们可以把自己假想为PSA的推销员，我们的开头语应该说“Redmon就是用了我们的XXX才找到工作的”吧？如果一开始就说A/B/D那些细节步骤的话，听者早跑光了。] [A] By searching openings in a job database. [B] By posting a matching position in a database. 【C】By using a special service of a database. [D] By E-mailing his resume to a database. 42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? （和我们看文章的时候分析的出题点一样。就是劣势1。A） 【A】 Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits. [C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches. 43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means （果然是考如何辨证使用PSA的细节。Tip service是作者话语中的表语，非常重要的。） [A] advisory. [B] compensation. [C] interaction. 【D】 reminder. 44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options? （果然考策略。题干是策略，考的策略目的。文章很清楚的。） [A] To focus on better job matches. 【B】 To attract more returning visits. [C] To reserve space for more messages. [D] To increase the rate of success. 45. Which of the following is true according to the text? （这种题目就是“根据本文，可以推理出什么……”，很直接地考推理！） [A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters. [形而上学，明明作者是辨证的。这里怎么这么绝对？注意，如果作者的观点是形而上学的，这个选项就有可能是正确选项] [B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands. [目的？应该关注该段主题句，是为了增大访问量] 【C】 Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed. [好选项。最后一段都是讲它，再不选更待何时！] [D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed. [搞反了] 标准答案： 41. [答案] [C] [解析] 这是一道细节题，问Redman是怎样找到工作的。依据文章第一段，可知答案为C。 42. [答案] [A] [解析] 这是一道细节判断题。第三段前三句中，作者借专家之言表达了自己对搜索工具的缺陷的看法：确实职业咨询特征。选项A符合此意，为正确答案。 43. [答案] [D] [解析] 这是一道词义题。依据第三段的第四句可知，“tip service”只起提示作用(reminder)，故答案为D。A. advisory意为“咨询，顾问”，与文章内容不符，因为文章说这种搜索agent缺的正是咨询特征。 44. [答案] [B] [解析] 这是一道涉及因果关系的细节题。依据第四段首句可知答案为B。 45. [答案] [C] [解析] 这是一道是非判断题。依据第五段首句可明确得知，C项为正确答案。 今天，考题就分析到这里。希望同学们能从中领悟一些考研英语阅读题的分析思路。阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度，理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的考研英语成绩，一定要在平时多训练。

❷ 求三篇大学英语阅读理解题

2008年大学英语四级阅读理解试题三篇附答案

There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.
Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.

The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.

Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.
a.if we complete our short-range goals
b.if we cannot reach solid short-term goals
c.if we write down the dates
d.if we put forward some plans

2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.
a.two years
b.long-term goals
c.current activities
d.the goals that have been completed

3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.
a.we will win final success
b.we are overwhelmed
c.we should build up confidence of success
d.we should strong desire for setting new goals

4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.
a.we should stick to them until we complete them
b.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities
c.we had better wait for the exciting news of success
d.we have made great decision

5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.
a.those who habe long-term goals will succeed
b.writing down the dates may discourage you
c.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination
d.every should have a goal

答案：adcbc

There are two factors which determine an indivial's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an indivial will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the indivial—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an indivial is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an indivial's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor ecational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.

1.This selection can best be titled_________.
a.Measuring Your Intelligence
b.Intelligence and Environment
c.The Case of Peter and Mark
d.How the brain Influences Intelligence

2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.
a.human brains differ considerably
b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence
c.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.
a.85
b.100
c.110
d.125

4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.
a.indivial with identical brains seldom test at same level
b.an indivial's intelligence is determined only by his enviroment
c.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
d.changes of enviroment proce changes in the structure of the brain

5.This passage suggests that an indivial 's I.Q.______.
a.can be predicted at birth
b.stays the same throuthout his life
c.can be increased by ecation
d.is determined by his childhood
答案：bcbcc

The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The proction of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their procts declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.

1. What is the best title of the passage?
a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’s
b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’s
c. U.S. Economy in the 50’s
d. The Federal Budget of 1952

2. In Line 4 , the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.
a. nearby explosion
b. thunderous noise
c. general public support
d. rapid economic growth

3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.
a. confidence
b. confusion
c. disappointment
d. suspicion

4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?
a. Economists
b. Frmaers
c. Politicians
d. Steelworkers

5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?
a. 60％
b. 50％
c. 33％
d. 90％

答案：cdabc

❸ 求大学及以上的英语阅读理解题

1由点到面，构建知识网络
对所学的知识点分步地进行梳理、归纳和总结，理清知识脉络。回从一个答简单的语法点或一个核心句型开始延伸，理清它们的变化形式、变化规律以及与时态、语态等的关联。所谓由点到面，构建知识网络。
2由面到点，加深记忆，查漏补缺
回归课本，查缺补漏，打好基础。以单元为单位展开复习，回忆每单元所学的主要内容，包括核心单词、重点句型和语法，以及需要掌握的对话等。回忆时要有框架，由面到点，比如先通过目录页回忆每个单元的话题，然后再回忆细化的知识点。
3聚焦重难点，巩固易错点
对每单元中的重点内容（词汇、句型和语法）和在练习中易错的点作进一步的复习，解决重点、难点和疑点，加深理解。多看错题本，攻克错题。
4经典题目自测，检验复习效果
对复习效果进行检测，会产生成就感或紧张感，从而自觉主动地去学习，同时可以及时调整复习方法。在复习完成时，选取一定数量的题目进行检测非常有必要。多做典型题，摸清规律，学会举一反三，但不提倡题海战术。
想要考个好成绩，除了熟练掌握单词、语法、句型，还要有正确的答题技巧

❹ 大学英语阅读理解解题技巧

1、考查主题句，也就是考查同学们对文章整体内容的概括能力。
2、考查上下文衔接，即考查文章的过渡部分。