高考英语阅读理解专项训练9

⑴ 高考英语阅读理解怎么做

课堂要求：培养分析篇章结构的能力
信息的整体输入是让学生通过观看课文录像，整体感知阅读材料，领略文章大意当然也不能忽略句子水平上的教学。语篇与句子之间存在着有机的联系，语篇水平上的教学与句子水平的教学应该结合进行，这样才能有利于阅读能力的提高。
1.字面理解层(Literal comprehension Level)：这一层是指读者仅仅理解文章的字面意义，辨认和回想文章大意、细节、事件发生的顺序、人物特征和因果关系等。
2、推论理解层(inferential comprehension)：这是读者根据文章的结构，从字里行间推测词义、文章大意、事件发生顺序、细节和人物特征的过程。
3、评论理解层(evaluative comprehension level)：这是读者凭借自己的阅读经验和语言能力、分析、评价文章的优劣的过程。如评估信息的确切性，事件发生的可能性以及证明事实的可信性等。
上述阅读理解的三大层次有助于我们认识它们在阅读过程中相互间的关系和作用。字面理解层主要依靠语法能力或语言能力完成；推论理解层主要依靠阅读技巧和语言能力来完成；而评价理解层则是读者与作者的观点融合的过程。
掌握基本的英语词汇和语法结构的语言知识和一定的语言文化背景知识 ,是培养和提高阅读能力的前提.
解决途径：阅读各类英语读物可以帮助扩大词汇量加深对英语的认识、了解英语国家的文化
阅读要求：阅读不应以解题为目的，但读者应该带着问题去谈；阅读的过程中不要查阅词典，遇到生词时应该尽力推断其含义，如果推断不出，且词生词为不可不知的关键词，则读完文章后统一解决并背诵下来必要时还得复习同一词在其它句、文中的用法，通过接近联想，对比联想语言点，成为知识链，进而形成知识的网络。运用关键词对文学材料的主要内容和结构进行改写或复述。学生可以以阅读评价标准来衡量自己是否做到了这几点：
When and where does the story take place?
Who are the people in the story?
What are the problems?
What does the main character want to do?
What happens?
How does it end?
应拿出难度适中的一些文章“精读”，从词句到段到整个语篇进行仔细推敲，在阅读的基础上扩大词汇量。
利用课前5分钟，坚持每天一篇阅读训练
多读、多背、多用，注意分析积累，是提高英语阅读能力的惟一途径。
考试中的阅读技巧
掌握每种类型题目解题的方法，理顺思路，这样才能有利于他们在训练中及时反馈，提高解题的针对性，真正提高解题的能力。
学习和了解文章的结构
阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。下面我们结合2000年12月份的大学英语四级考试真题来具体说明如何利用文章的结构特点来达到阅读的目的。
文章的写作方式上来看，一般都以记叙文和说明文为主。记叙文可分为传记类和故事类。
初级记叙类：通过时间线索与文中提及的事件连接起来
通过上述活动，既能帮助学生迅速抓住文章的主要内容，又有帮助他们记忆文章中的一些细节，还可以减轻他们复述课文的难度，而且还能学到传纪类文章的写作方法。
1、叙述文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以四级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是：
1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)
2) 叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现
3) 叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现
4) 做出总结或结论
只要理解了这类文章的结构特点解答问题就相当简单，因为这类文章后的阅读理解试题大多是和文章的内容先后顺序一致的细节题。
说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- （专家）发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。
知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。
2.议论文
我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。
议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案， 基本上不存在任何困难。
通过研究以上的文章结构特点，我们不难发现，在四级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式：提出话题（观点或事例）---- 用事例分析原因(或批驳观点)------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾，分清观点和事例，从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位，快速答题。
3.细读题目
细读题目，审视它们针对什么提出问题。文章较短，可以先读文章，后看思考题。若文章较长，为了能迅速抓住要点，也可先浏览思考题，然后带着问题去读文章，这样，对文章的印象更深，能加深理解要点.
4.确定中心思想
在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句，但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章有个透彻的理解。
我们应当把标题默念一两遍，想象文章的内容和走向，这样有利于对文章的理解，提高做题的效率。
（1）找出主题句，了解英语段落的组成
说明文和议论文的段落一般都有主题句，而且大多位于每段的开头（少数情况位于段落末尾或中间）
一个完整的段落总是表达一个中心内容或主题，其通常可以用一句话来概括，即主题句。在说明文或议论文中，段落通常有四部分组成：主题句，整个段落的核心；发展句，对中心意思作进一步说明或描述，是整个段落的主体；过渡句，起承上启下的作用；结论句，对内容进行归纳，起强调主题作用。
抓住每句的关键词，特别是谓语动词，抓住了谓语动词（包括其宾语和附属成分），也就抓住了句子的脉络，也就能迅速地理解整个句子；另外，要注意识别代词，如it，this，they，those，one等，根据上下文判断其指代内容；注意识别省略成分，明确省略内容；注意识别逻辑用语（如：at first，for example， then等），从而准确理解全文的篇章结构；注意识别语法过渡词（如：already，ago，often等）、语气转折词（如：but，while，yet等）及时态等把握文脉
6.正确对待生词
阅读文章时，理解词义是基础。遇到忘记或根本不认识的单词或一时看不懂的语言点，不要马上停下来，应先做个记号放置一边，继续读下去，通过上下文或构词法大胆猜测生词的含义，通过分析语法结构推敲语句的语义，以加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解的能力。
1）.根据语境，猜词悟义
但如果课内课文同一个生词在阅读中多次出现，则可求助于字典。
猜词悟义不仅应用于课外阅读，而且可用于课文教学。让学生先读课文，再学生词，有利于阅读能力的培养。
2）.根据构词法
3）.运用归纳法（敏特）
利用语境，分析句子结构的关系，结合常识来推测词的意义，如同位语关系、反义关系、因果关系等，对文章句子理解的基础上猜测词义，加强阅读理解的能力巩固掌握所学语法知识。语法是语言的组织规律，是关于词形变化和组词成句的规则。熟练掌握和运用语法知识，如时态、语态、语气，从句等
4）.定义法
文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如to be，to be called, to call, that is，mean，in other words 等。有时也以同位语，定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。
5）.对比法。
在 but, however, yet, otherwise, though这些表示转折意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的次有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的意义了。
6）.生活常识法
7）.因果猜测法。
Because, since, as连接原因状语从句，so, so…that, such…that连接结果状语从句，通过前因后果的对比，依据已知部分，往往能猜出生词的意义。
8）.and, or等词连接的两个词、词组或短语在句中是属于同意范畴的，作用也相同，因此可以推出其中新单词的意义。
9）.例证法。
根据列举的事例可以新单词的意义。例如：I have a toothache. I need to go to the dentist.从toothache不难猜出dentist 为“牙科医生”。
10）.注意连词
连词是阅读中必须注意的一个重要方面。首先，它反映了句与句各层次意思之间的逻辑关系，如时间、因果、条件、让步等等。其次，它显示了文章思路的发展和段落组织的不同方法。
11）.标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）
12）.利用同义词、反义词进行猜测：
一些常见的标志词语有or, like , similarly等，例如：Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.史密斯先生很健谈，他的妻子也同样好说。
很显然，similarly是个语境线索，他暗示loquacious意为love to talk。而一些反义词是揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，以增强表达效果。常见的反义词语境线索有：yet, but, unlike, however, although, while, not…but…,instead of…,on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast, rather than等。
例如：a：Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.书面语言是稳定的，而口头语言则经常变化。
b：If you agree, write“yes”,if you dissent, write “no”，显然前者表示肯定，后者表示否定；由此推知dissent 是 agree的反义词，即“不赞成”。
13).联系上、下文，结合常识进行推断.
掌握具体事实和重要细节，变章确定了要表达的中心思想后，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题，体现中心思想，掌握这些细节是归纳概括文章中心思想的基础，对于理解全文的作用是不容忽视的，阅读文章时，要求学生养成辩动和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯，这些具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充说明或例证，是用来支持说明中心思想的重要观点.
14)逻辑推理
逻辑推理是深层理解的主要方法。根据文章提供的信息和自己已有的知识，理解并归纳出作者的立场、观点、感情和写作目的。通过提高逻辑分析能力以及培养语篇宏观语境的推断能力和想象力，从而提高阅读理解能力。逻辑推理，挖掘深层内涵利用平常积累的词语的辨析和感情色彩
7.按意群阅读
按意群阅读是提高阅读速度的关键。将文章划分为多个意群，从语篇的整体着眼，提高学生对整篇文章的概括力。如名词有复数形式，有所有格形式，动词有现在分词、过去时和过去分词。形容词有比较级和最高级形式。一些词有其固定的用法，如介词后面要跟名词或代词作宾语，冠词后面是名词，情态动词后面接动词原形，连词前后词性和句式要保持一致。掌握了这些特点，一方面巩固了基础知识，阅读时就可以以句子为单位，分清意群之间的关系，达到整体理解整体阅读，从而提高阅读速度和准确率。
8.阅读应避免的问题：a.慢读b.指读c.声读d心读
克服心读的有效方法就是有意识地控制阅读时间，让学生将阅读速度加快到超过最快的讲话速度，使学生没有时间去念每个单词的音。
f.回视
一要先做一些较为简单的阅读材料，使他们觉得难度适中，树立读懂的信心。二要使学生不断地自我提醒，克服这一坏习惯。
g.心译
认识到阅读英语时用英语思维模式（英语→英语）理解所阅读内容的重要性，并在平时阅读中自觉去克服方可奏效。
h.过多地依赖工具书
克服这一习惯的方法是让学生学会猜测，掌握猜词的技巧，利用上下文意思、构词法、同义、反义、定义、解释等技巧得到词的意思。
9.细读文章
细读文章，掌握具体事实和重要细节内容。特别注意文中的人名、年龄、时间、地点、日期、年代、数字等。出题人有时故意在不同人的不同事件上做文章，有时故意将时间地点颠倒，把数字搞混等。因此，要有意留心这些细节，可边读边用铅笔作些标记，要逐步养成辨认和记忆重要细节的阅读习惯。
10.热身活动
在考前的一周，对学生进行考前热身活动，帮助他们培养耐力，克服焦虑情绪。

⑵ 谁有高考英语阅读理解的练习题

Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)
some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing ecation and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.
Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] Advocating Violence.
[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.
[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.
[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.
2. Recorded history has taught us
[A] violence never solves anything.
[B] nothing.
[C] the bloodshed means nothing.
[D] everything.
3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men
[A] can’t get a hearing.
[B] are looked down upon.
[C] are persecuted.
[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.
4. “He was none the wiser” means
[A] he was not at all wise in listening.
[B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before.
[C] He gains nothing after listening.
[D] He makes no sense of the argument.
5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is
[A] law enforcement.
[B] knowledge.
[C] nonviolence.
[D] Mopping up the violent mess.

Vocabulary
1. acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的
2. loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物
3. pillage v.抢劫，掠夺
4. crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声
when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。
5. war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）
6. come to light = become known 显露，为人所知
7. sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏
I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。
8. mop up 擦去，对付，处理
9. wake 船迹，航迹
in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。

难句译注
1. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.
【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。
【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。
2. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.
【结构简析】in the wake of 在…之后。
【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。
3. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.
【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。
【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。
4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.
【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。

写作方法与文章大意
作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。

答案详解
1. B 暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。
第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。
第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。
A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。
2. B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。
A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D.一切。
3. D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。
A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。
4. C听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C项。
A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。
5. A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。
B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。

⑶ 如何提高高考英语阅读理解~拜托了。。。

剩下的时间把做过的文章全复习一下巩固单词,阅读理解靠的应该是长期积回累,在平时多读课文单词都答可以提高语感,8过现在来不及就复习好现有的阅读资料.在考试时把有关问题的句子在文中划出,这样有利思考问题,在做完型时先读1遍文章熟悉下,然后再动笔做.这些是我的经验希望对你有用~~~~~~

⑷ 高三，高考英语阅读理解要怎么做才能保证很高准确率

平时要多做阅读练习，在练习中提高阅读解题能力，阅读的材料还是以真题为主,不要在细节甚至语法上面花时间,关键是把握文章的大体结构,作者所持的态度等等.问到细节了再回原文定位.类比反义如果没有把握拿非常高的分数的话,阅读最好不要放弃。 其次要提高阅读的速度： 提高英语阅读的速度，靠的不是一日之功，通常需要相当长一段时间的学习及训练。但过，加强英文基础训练、掌握必要的测试技巧和鄙弃一些坏习惯，都会有助于考生们阅读文章是加快速度。 2.英语完形填空应试技巧:)~~ “完形填空”题旨在测试学生综合运用英语的能力，做此题必须通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行判断推理。解此类题主要从以下四步做起： 1.重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。 2. 速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。 3. 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。 4.复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点： 1．上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 2．从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。 3．段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。 提高英语完形填空水平 一、完形填空题的特点： 1、完形填空（Cloze Test）是在一篇200字左右的短文中，留出25个空格，让考生从题目提供的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考生在答题时应通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用有关知识。 2、完形填空题把英语知识与英语运用有机地结合在一起，把短文任意填空和单项选择填空两种题型的优点集中在一起，以“完形”的方式考查学生的综合运用语言知识的实际能力。这样不仅考查了学生的英语知识，还考查了学生的快速阅读能力，阅读理解能力，逻辑判断能力。答题时，要做到单句理解与语篇理解的统一，语言知识与语言能力的统一。 3、完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识和词汇知识的试题几乎不复存在，绝大多数考题的四个选项在语法和词语搭配上都无懈可击，有的在意义上很接近，有的从其所处的句子或短落而言难辨是否，然而结合具体的语言环境，却只有一个最佳答案。此外，考查点大都集中在实词上，尤其是动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等。这些词的本身具有时间、地点、人物、动作、感情等意义。虚词，如冠词、连词、介词等则占较小的比例。 近几年高考英语“完形填空”试题各选项词类统计。 动词 名词 形容词 副词 连词 代词 介词 1994 2 9 4 1 2 0 2 1995 6 6 2 2 1 0 3 1996 10 3 6 2 1 0 0 1997 13 9 0 1 1 0 1 二、完形填空题解题步骤 第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象。通读全文包括短文和各个选择项，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案。此时不必为某个选择项停下来长久思考。 第二步，在第一遍通读全文了解中心大意及初选后，第二步即可边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格。如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，同时核对和确定答案。有些空格一时决定不了，不必死扣住不放，可在试卷上打个记号，待复查时再确定。 第三步，复查定稿。此时应从整体理解角度出以，仔细审核复一个答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择。 三、完形填空题的解题技巧 1、前后照应。完形填空题有时提供的几个选择项孤立地从一个句子看或是从一个段落看似乎都可以，但需要从整篇文章上下文结合起来看，才能选出正确答案。在作出选择时，一定要前后照应，时刻不离开上下文。而且随着对短文的理解逐步深入，对已作出的选择进行必要的修正。 2、筛选排除。和试卷其余部分的选择题一样，完形填空题也可采取此法，即把语法上、意义上、逻辑上明显不合理的选项先剔除，这样就缩小选择面，保证选题的准确性。 3、合理推理。有些选项语法上没有问题，意义上十分接近，区分难度较大。这就需要根据上下文、思维规律及一般常识来进行判断推理。 4、意形兼顾。选择答案时，既要注意语法又要兼顾意思。选择中往往有一些似是而非的东西，稍不留意就会作出错误的选择。参考资料：

⑸ 高考英语阅读理解练习书

高考英语阅读训练（001）

You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes (撞击) through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead！Of course he isn't really dead. With any luck he isn't even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars of even catch fire, are professionals. They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks.There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress (床垫). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar!But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman' s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment.
Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff (悬崖) a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stuntgirls tool

1. Stuntmen are those who ______.
A. often dress up as actors
B. prefer to lead dangerous lives
C. often perform seemingly dangerous actions
D. often fight each other for their lives
2. Stuntmen earn their living by ______.
A. playing their dirty tricks
B. selling their special skills
C.jumping out of high windows
D. jumping from fast moving trains
3. When a stuntman falls from a high building, ______.
A.he needs little protection
B. he will be covered with a mattress
C.his life is endangered
D. his safety is generally all right
4. Which of the following is the main factor (因素) of a successful performance?
A. Strength. B. Exactness. C. Speed. D. Carefulness.
5. What can be inferred from the author' s example of the Norwegian stuntman?
A.Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman.
B.The percentage of serious accidents is high.
C.Parachutes must be of good quality.
D. The cliff is too high.
KEY: 1- 5 CBDBA

高考英语阅读训练（002）
Activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while ring the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only ring the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.
One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction (分散注意力) to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most alt reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a graal increase in literacy (读写能力) and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some rection in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.
Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in ecation. However, whatever its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media (媒介) on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term "reading" referred to.

1. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?
A. Because silent reading had not been discovered.
B. Because there were few places for private reading.
C. Because few people could read for themselves.
D. Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.
2. The development of silent reading ring the nineteenth century showed .
A. a change in the position of literate people
B. a change in the nature of reading
C. an increase in the number of books
D. an increase in the average age of readers
3. Ecationalists are still arguing about _________.
A. the importance of silent reading
B. the amount of information provided by books and newspapers
C. the effects of reading on health
D. the value of different types of reading material
4. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?
A. To explain how present day reading habits developed.
B. To change people's way to read.
C. To show how reading methods have improved.
D. To encourage the growth of reading.
KEY: 1-4 CBDA

高考英语阅读训练（003）

In some ways, the United States has made some progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire.
But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference(无所谓) of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.
American fire departments are some of the world's fastest and best-equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japan's population, and 40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire -safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in large numbers in fires but who, against popular beliefs, start very few of them.
Experts say the error is an opinion that fires are not really anyone's fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public ecation and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime(罪行). Japan has many wood houses; of the 48 fires in world history that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Punishment for causing a big fire can be as severe as life imprisonment.
In the United States, most ecation dollars are spent in elementary schools. But, the lessons are aimed at too limited a number of people; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.
The United States continues to depend more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building laws now require home sprinklers (喷水装置). New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.

1. The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that _____.
A. they took no interest in new technology
B. they did not pay great attention to preventing fires
C. they showed indifference to fighting fires
D. they did not spend enough money on fire equipment
2. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. fire safety lessons should not be aimed only at American children
B. American children have not received enough ecation of fire safety lessons
C. Japan is better equipped with fire equipment than the United States
D. America's large population leads to more fires
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. There has been no great fire in the USA in recent 40 years that leads to high death rate.
B. There have been several great fires in the USA in recent 40 years that lead to high death rate.
C. There has been only one great fire in the USA in recent 40 years that led to high death rate.
D. The fire in Kentucky in 1977 made only a few people killed.
KEY: BAC

高考英语阅读训练（004）

Nuclear power's(核能的) danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word; radiation(辐射).
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected (探测) by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells (细胞) in important organs (器官). But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治疗) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

1. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.
A. nuclear mystery B. radiation detection
C. radiation level D. nuclear radiation
2. Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level ________.
A. when it kills few cells
B. if it damages few cells
C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves
D. unless the damaged cells can reproce themselves
3. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _____.
A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately
B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later
C. affect the healthy growth of our younger generation
D. lead to all of the above results
4. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?
A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized (过分强调).
B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.
C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.
D. Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.
KEY: 1- 4 DBDA

高考英语阅读训练（005）

Today is the date of that afternoon in April a year ago when I first saw the strange and attractive doll（玩具娃娃）in the window of Abe Sheftel's toy shop on Third Avenue near Fifteenth Street, just around the corner from my office, where the plate on the door reads. Dr Samuel Amory. I remember just how it was that day: the first sign of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft - coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighbourhood. As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftel's, I was made once more known of the poor collection of toys in the sty window, and I remembered the coming birthday of a small niece of mine in Cleveland, to whom I was in the habit of sending small gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything suitable, and looked at the collection of unattractive objects--a red toy fire engine, some lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed envelopes, and advertisements for soft - drinks. And thus it was that my eyes finally came to rest upon the doll stored away in one corner, a doll with the strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her out, e to the shadows and the film of st through which I was looking, but I was sure that a deep impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with whose personality one is deeply impressed.

1. What made an impression on the author?
A. The doll's unusual face.
B. The collection of toys.
C. A stranger he met at the store.
D. The beauty and size of the doll.
2. Why does the author mention his niece?
A. She likes dolls.
B. The doll looks like her.
C. She lives near Sheftel's.
D. He was looking for a gift for her.
3. Why did the writer go past Sheftel's?
A. He was on his way to school.
B. He was looking for a present for his niece.
C. He wanted to buy some envelopes.
D. None of the above is right.
4. The story takes place in the ______.
A. early summer B. early spring
C. midsummer D. late spring
KEY: 1-5 ADDB

高考英语阅读训练（006）

Technology is the application (应用)of knowledge to proction. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more proction and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available (有用的)to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animalbreeding techniques, and has extended our life span via()medical technology.
Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics (统计) show that the united States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually(每年) into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources (少的资源) we may well find technological substitutes (代用品) for many of them through our research programs.
Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of proction (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living.

1. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The definition of technology
B. Modern technology
C. The application of technology
D. The development of technology
2. From the passage, we can infer that this article is probably _________.
A. a part of the introction to American business
B. followed by the passage talking about factors of proction
C. taken from a learned journal
D. Both A and B
3. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living.
B. The three major factors of proction-land, labor and capital are all influenced by technology.
C. Technology is the response to our needs.
D. The United States is making great efforts to advance its technology.
4. According to the passage, people can live a long life with the help of _________.
A. higer quality of life
B. medical technology
C. modem farming machinery
D. technological substitute
KEY: 1- 4BDAB

高考英语阅读训练（007）

The volcano is one of the most surprising frightening forces of nature. Maybe you have seen pictures of these“fireworks”of nature. Sometimes when a volcano erupts, a very large wall of melted rock moves down the side of a mountain. It looks like a “river of tire.”Sometimes volcanoes explode, throwing the melted rock and ashes(灰)high into the air. But where does this melted rock come from?
The earth is made up of many layers(层). The top layer that we see is called the crust. Under the crust are many layers of hard rock. But far, far beneath the crust whose rock is so hot, that it is soft. In some places it even melts. The melted rock is called magma. Sometimes the magma breaks out to the surface through cracks(爆裂声)in the crust. These cracks are volcanoes.
Most people think of mountains when they think of volcanoes. But not every mountain is a volcano. A volcano is simply the opening in the earth from which the magma escapes. The hot magma, or lava as it is called, cols and builds up on the surface of the earth. Over thousands of years, this pile of cooled lava can grow to be very, very big. For example, the highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro, is a volcano. It towers more than 16,000 feet above the ground around it.

1.The underlined word“erupts”means .
A. moves down B. breaks away
C. builds up D. suddenly throws out lava
2.Which words in the passage have the same meaning as “melted rock”?
A.“Volcano”and“explode”. B.“Crust”and“hard rock”
C.“magma”and“lava” D.“Volcano”and“magma”
3.Which is the correct order of the layers of the earth(beginning with the top layer)?
A. crust-hard rock-magma-soft rock
B. crust-hard rock- soft rock-magma
C. magma-soft rock- hard rock-crust
D. volcano-cracks-magma-crust
4.The best title(标题) of the passage should be u.
A. The Volcano B. Kilimanjaro Volcano
C. The Mountains D. The Melted Rock
KEY: DCBA

高考英语阅读训练（008）

WHERE TO STAY IN BOSWELL YOUR GUIDE TO OUR BEST HOTEL
Name/AddressNo. of RoomsSingleDoubleSpecial Attractions
FIRST HOTEL 222 Edward Road
Tel.414-6433120＄25＄35Air-conditioned rooms,
French restaurant,
Night club,
Swimming-pool, Shops,
Coffee shop and bar,
Telephone, radio and
TV in each room,
Close to the city center
FAIRVIEW HOTEL
129 North Road
Tel.591-562050＄12＄18Close to the air-port, Telephone
In each room, Bar, Restaurant,
Garage, Swimming-pool
ORCHARD HOTEL
233 Edward Road
Tel.641-6646120＄15＄20Facing First hotel,
European restaurant,
Coffee shop, Dry-cleaning,
Shops, tv, night-club
OSAKA HOTEL
1264 Venning Road
Tel.643-820180＄30＄50Air-Conditioned rooms,
Japanese and
Chinese restaurants, Shops,
Swimming-pool, Large garden

1.The number of the rooms in the best hotels in Boswell is .
A. 120 B. 470 C. 450 D. 240
2.If a Japanese traveler likes to eat in French restaurant, is the right place for him to go to.
A. 233 Edward Road B. 1264 Venning Road
C. 222 Edward Road D. 129 North Road
3.Which hotel faces the Orchard hotel?
A. The First hotel. B. The Osaka hotel.
C. The Fairview Hotel. D. No hotel.
KEY: BCA

⑹ 高考英语阅读作题时间

从话题角度来看，和往年一样，社会类和教育类仍然是主要考查话题分别占到11次和6次，当然这里社会类的话题包括工作，生活，城市建设等，内容涉及多个层面，这也是数量偏多的一个原因；教育类包含学科教育, 教育方式, 家庭教育, 学校教育等一直是高频话题，科技类和环境类上半年考频正常,犯罪类和政府类考查偏少，各出现了一次。值得注意的是，新闻媒体考题一般出现在上半年，今年考频加大，上半年出现了2次。

重点考题分析

Some people believe famous people’s support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems. While other think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2019/04/13)

4月13日考的这道题是整个上半年构思难度极高的一道题目，也是一道老题，很多有望上6的考生都因为这道题的构思问题，变成5.5分。有些学生对题目的理解有一些偏差，题目的意思是：名人对国际援助组织的捐助使得人们关注到问题，然而另一些人认为名人使得问题不那么重要。第一方面比较好理解，名人利用自身的影响力使得问题得到关注，比如尘肺病对于大众来说不是很常见，是煤矿工人得的一种病，很多明星通过公益活动，让更多的人关注到这部分需要帮助的群体。另一方面，淡化问题的原因是大众或者粉丝只关注名人的行为而忽视问题本身，对问题没有后续跟进，也就最终解决不了问题。

The increasing use of technology in the workplace has made it easier for young people to get work and hard for old people. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2019/05/04)

这道题审题很容易跑偏, 很多同学把重心会放在科技让年轻人简单地获得工作,或者错误理解成科技让年轻人的工作简单化,忽视了后半句hard for old people。题目中含有并列关系and，需要两者都要提及，所以后面论证只证明对年轻人的好处是偏面的。

总而言之，上半年题目以老题重现居多，同学们还是要多刷机经，有可能就碰到自己写过的题目，下半年大作文犯罪类，政府类考题可能会增加，可以增加这两类话题的练习。另外，要注意审题常见的坑，乍一看不太懂的题目不妨多读几遍，不要贸然下笔。