英语阅读策略之过渡词

⑴ 英语写作过渡词过渡句

mmeanwhile 与此同时, In addition由于, moreover此外,further更进一步, to sum up总的来说 ,on the contrary相反地，
on the other hand 另一方面, as far as I'm consider我内 认为, however然而,
我暂时容只想到这些

⑵ 英语阅读策略

阅读能力始终是高三学生的首要和重要任务，在具体的学习过程中，大家学习和掌握了大量的语法和句法知识，这是非常重要和必要的基础，但是仍有许多同学虽然掌握了相当的词汇和语法知识，却仍然对阅读原文文章感到力不从心，常表现为：认识词语，懂得句法结构，却不理解其意，更不要提更深层次的内涵和外延。阅读行为本身并不等同于阅读能力的培养。英语阅读行为的多少并不完全等同于阅读能力的强或弱。阅读与理解，知识与能力并不完全相等。

障碍阅读效率的因素之一是阅读心理障碍和阅读观念的错误。由于习惯了基础阶段字、词、句、译的初学模式，学生们自然形成了一种比较固定的阅读模式，即：词语—句字—语法—翻译—(答案)，结果不仅阅读速度慢，而且不能把握文章的主要脉络，更可怕的是忽略了整体理解，缺乏宏观的英语阅读能力。

阅读习惯和速度

由于“求精”“求细”“求知识”的阅读模式影响，不少学生养成了一些不良阅读习惯，这些不良阅读习惯反过来制约了阅读效率。这些不良习惯有：

1.阅读视幅(eye span)小

阅读视幅指眼睛每停留一次所能清晰地感知文字的广度，视幅对阅读的影响表现在两个方面：一是每看一眼能看清字数的多少；二是眼睛定置的次数与时间的关系，好的读者不会把单词作为注视点逐字阅读而是以意群为阅读注视点，要想提高阅读效率，需要克服小视幅的障碍，要在平时的阅读中有意识地训练自己。

2.声读或心读

声读是指在阅读时喃喃自语地把每个单词念出声来，有时也可能是无声地动动嘴唇，也有人称其为唇读。另一种较难察觉的声读形式是心读，即在内心想象着或默吟着每个单词的发音，往往用手指着读。这种声读或心读很可能是早期英语学习时以发音阅读为中心的学习方法和精读中养成的阅读习惯所导致的结果。这样做不仅有碍阅读速度，而且会过分依赖语言而易忽略语意，从而影响阅读的广度和深度。

3.回读

回读就是再次返回来重新阅读，又称为倒读或复读，这是由于读者对已读过的内容、句子、词等感觉不放心所导致的。回读虽不能完全避免，但次数过多，肯定会对阅读效率产生影响。另外回读的习惯也是由于过分重视微观语言现象所致，习惯回读的同学习惯于有对应的汉语翻译，否则会有不安全的感觉，导致对所读的内容缺乏自信心。我们应该明白对一篇文章的理解是整体的，有时是大致的，相对的，则可以避免过细过微的阅读习惯，克服不良阅读习惯。

4.不了解西方写作结构的特点

一般西方写作结构的特点是：

1. Topic sentence ( subject, controlling idea ) 主题句

2. Supporting sentence (A) 支持主题句的事例或细节

3. Supporting sentence (B) 支持主题句的事例或细节

4. Supporting sentence (C) 支持主题句的事例或细节

5. Concluding sentence 结论

请阅读下面的例文：

Everywhere, you will always find “the white-haired boy”, sometimes called “the fair-haired boy”. He gets special treatment, as if he were above everyone else. You will find him in school, in college, at home, or where you work.

In school, he is the teacher’s darling who can do nothing wrong. Sometimes she lets him do little jobs for her. He comes to class in the morning, all shiny and clean. He is always raising his hand, ready with an answer to the teacher’s questions. And he knows all the answers. He gets in you hair, especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!

At college, he walks——more often stride——across the school grounds as if he owned them. Sometimes he wears a colorful football or basketball shirt or sweater, with a bright red, or green or yellow college letter proudly worn on the front of it. What broad shoulders and what muscles he has! He makes the girls happy by just smiling at them. He has the mark of success on him.

At home, “the fair-haired boy” is mother’s choice, her favorite. Sometimes, he is the oldest son——at times, the youngest. If you are in between, you are out of luck.

Then, you discover that there are others who share your feeling, and are ready to “let their hair down”——to tell you their private thoughts. One of them asks, “Why does he have all that I haven’t got?” You ask yourself the same question.

Finally, there comes a day when you decide to stop hating him. Is it perhaps became he has been made the boss and you find yourself working for him?

1、From the passage we can know “the white-haired boy” is _______________.

A、a boy whose hair is white B、a pet that does nothing wrong

C、a child who is his mother’s favorite child

D、a person who is lucky all the time

2、“He gets in your hair” (in Paragraph 2) means “ ”

A、he plays tricks on you

B、he does up your hair

C、he makes you a little angry

D、he cuts your hair too short

3、Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A、The middle son is considered the unluckiest at home.

B、The top student at college is the white-haired boy.

C、Wearing colorful clothes can make you attractive.

D、The teacher in school treats her students unfairly.

4、In the author’s opinion, you finally stop hating the “white-haired boy” because __________。

A、you have no choice but to face the fact

B、you decide to try your best to be better than him

C、you have been made the boss by him

D、you are beginning to admire him

同学们在阅读本文时要利用一些阅读的技巧，如：

1) 确认，分辨

确认就是要将有关的词句、指称看准确，切勿张冠李戴，要行意结合，通过句式结构和语言意义正确把握语篇内容，同时对一句话或一个段落要进行分辨，看讲的是一个意思还是几个意思，是属于一个层面还是属于几个层面，并具有深层的含义，切勿囫囵吞枣。本文理解的关键就是第一题的the fair-haired boy.

2) 预期，印证

在阅读中对上下文应有预期的能力，根据语篇的信息线索，主动地预期下文情节的发展，作者思路的走向。要把握好这种thread of thought(思维主线)，还可以借助段落、纲领或主题句以及一些具体信息。还可以通过语篇的承接语，如however, yet, though等，以及句子功能的标识语(indicator)等，还可以根据自己的前经验、知识及上下文对当时所读的书面信息或预期作出印证。

3) 联系，推断

由于每一个语篇都是有主题的，而且是有序关联的。因此在阅读时一定要注意前后联系，上下关系，同时也要做到表里联系———通过表层语言推断出深层含义，内外联系———借助外围背景知识推断理解书面信息。这种宏观阅读能提高读者的联想能力和理解能力。

4) 语域，语境

每一个语篇都是有语域的，也就是说语篇所表达的环境定位、人物之间的关系、语篇的性质等。语境指语篇中的各种语言环境因素，其中包括上下文、言语语气、暗示等内容。了解语域和语境对于准确理解语篇起着非常关键的作用。因此，要学会利用语域和语境。而且是善于运用于阅读之中，如例文的第2题，注意语境especially if you are at the bottom of the class and the teacher you are stupid. How you hate him!

5) 归纳，总结

以上阅读理解的基本要素不是互为孤立的，而是有机结合、互相渗透的。学生在平时的阅读中要有意识地进行自我训练，利用综合信息，善于得出结论，例文的话题是比较容易归纳和总结的，即：the white-hair boy is always lucky and fortunate, 如例文的第4题。

⑶ 英语书面表达中常用的过渡词

Last but not least, And, But, What's more, Above all, In addition, However, Besides, First, Second, Third, For instance, For example, First of all, Meanwhile, Moreover, All in all, Furthermore, As far as I am concerned, From my point of view, In fact, To sum a up, So that, Thus, Finally.

⑷ 高考英语作文有哪些过渡词

first,second....last,finally and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then but, however, while, yet for, so,since,as, consequently, therefore what's more/ worse, besides, to sum up, in conclusion, generally speaking, in a word, in short in my opinion... (1)表并列关系的 过渡词 : and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor (2)表递进关系的 过渡词 : besides, in addition (加之, 除……之外) moreover(此外, , 而且), what's more,what's worse (3)表转折对比的 过渡词 : but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in pite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others (4)表原因的 过渡词 : because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to(由于) (5)表结果的 过渡词 : so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that (6)表条件的 过渡词 : if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as (7)表时间的 过渡词 : when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment (8)表特定的顺序关系的 过渡词 : first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s) (后来) meanwhile , (几乎同时) thereafter , (在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于) (9)表换一种方式表达的 过渡词 : in other words, that is to say, to put it another way (10)表进行举例说明的 过渡词 : for instance, for example, like, such as (11)表陈述事实的 过渡词 : in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth (12)表强调的 过渡词 : certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously (13)表比较的 过渡词 : like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to (14)表目的的 过渡词 : for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to (15)表总结的 过渡词 : in a word(总之,简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary 2. 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由 过渡词 来完成,在修辞中称为启,承,转,合."启"就 是开头, "承"是承接,"转"是转折,"合"是综合或总结. (1)用于"启"的 过渡词 语 用于表示"启"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的 开头: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, It is often said that…, As the proverb says…, It goes without saying that…, It is clear/obvious that…, Many people often ask … (2)用于"承"的 过渡词 语 表示"承"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩 展句中: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt, It is true that…, Everybody knows that…, It can be easily proved that…, No one can deny that… The reason why …is that …, There is no doubt that…, To take…for an example (instance) …, We know that…, What is more serious is that… (3)用于"转"的 过渡词 语 用于"转"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩 展句中: but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(无论如何), nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ..., yet, instead, I do not believe that…, Perhaps you'll ask why… This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…, Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found, That's why I feel that… (4) 用于"合"的 过渡词 语 章的结论段中: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, sum up, to finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus, after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up From this point of view … On account of this we can find that … The result is dependent on … Thus, this is the reason why we must… 二, 过渡词 的应用 有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句,成了简单句堆砌;有的写复杂句时,动辄用 so, and, then, but,or, however,yet 等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的, 反而使句子结构松散, 呆板.为了避免这种现象,可以通过使用不同的 过渡词 ,不仅能够丰富句型,而且还能够把 思想表达得更清楚,意义更连贯.例如: 1. 学生习作 TV and website 用于"合"的 过渡词 或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文 TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. They are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some information on websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better. 这段文字用简单句表达,它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清,意思支离破碎.如果使用过 渡词,将单句与其前后合并,形成主次关系,就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清 楚,结构严谨. 修改后的文章: TV and website Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter. In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. 修改后的文章用 过渡词 来衔接上下段 第一段第一句为:Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. 第二段第一句为:However, they are different in many ways. 第三段第一句为:In a word, every medium has its own features…

⑸ 英语阅读技巧

一）重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累

美国语言学家Driller (1978)根据词汇统计特征指出：如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，平均每页纸上的词我们会认得33%；如果认得135个常用词，则为50%；如果认得2500个，则为78%；如果认得5 000个，则为80%；一旦记得10 000个，可达92%。可见，阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，目前大部分学生的词汇量偏少, 这是影响阅读能力提高的主要因素。那么怎样才能提高学生的词汇量呢？

1． 构词记忆法

据估计，英语词汇有100万到120万，但大部分单词是由构词法构成的。构词法包括派生、合成和转化。在教学中，让学生掌握常用的前缀（un/dis/im/il /super.）、后缀( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含义及用法，就可以根据已知词猜出它的派生词，从而达到扩大词汇的目的。如：前缀super 有超过，超越的含义，就可以猜出supermarket （超级市场）supernatural (超自然的)、 superman （超人）、superstar （超级明星）等词的含义。。

2． 联想记忆法

由一个词联想到和它有关或无关的词，如看到live vi 生活，联想到其他词性及用法，如，直播的、活的等词义。

3． 广泛阅读记忆法

“To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.” 这句名言道出了阅读和词汇量的关系。要有流利的阅读，就必须有丰富的词汇。大量的阅读可以丰富你的词汇。

（二） 牢固掌握语法知识

近年来的NMET阅读理解短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出来。如在阅读中遇到另人费解的长句、难句，就可以借助语法，对句子进行适当的分析，搞清各部分的关系，从而准确理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 为例。该句的29个词中包含了主语从句，宾语从句、并列句和破折号连接的附加说明等多种关系。其中并列句中又有复合句，复合句中又有并列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清，才能掌握其意思。

（三）、积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识

英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。例如在NMET2003的阅读理解A篇，该篇选材涉及地理，介绍了两座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands，一个为Guinness Book of Records 所认定的Tristan da Cunha;另一为复活岛（Easter Island）文章中出现了较多的专有名词，对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰，而对于那些对Easter Day 等背景知识了解的同学，相对就会好些。另外在C篇中，出现了书刊号，如果熟悉这些，就会减少好多阅读困难。

（四）培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧

要养成良好的阅读习惯，就要求平时多朗读，背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外，有的同学在阅读时出声读、点读或回读，这些不良习惯都会影响阅读速度和对文章的理解。所以要克服这些不良习惯，作到不回读，不声读，不点读等。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才能提高。

除了良好的阅读习惯外，也要掌握正确的阅读技巧。教师要指导学生形成正确的思维方法。一般阅读时应注意以下几点：

1、略读（Skimming）即迅速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。

2、跳读（Skipping） 即快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不相关的内容一带而过。

3、猜测生词(Guessing the new words) 在阅读过程中，不可避免的会遇到生词。如果一遇到生词就去查字典，或跳过去不看，都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境，单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。 快速阅读四大法则
在阅读英语材料时或是在考试过程中有很多人感到自己的阅读速度实在是跟不上需要，有些朋友就认为是自己的英语基础不行，然后就拼命的背单词，其实如果能够用正确的方法进行快速阅读训练的话，即使在原有的基础上也可以在阅读速度方面取得显著的提高，更何况很多情况下根本就不是英
语基础的问题。现在就让我们来看看练习快速阅读的四种方法。

1. 快速泛读（fast extensive reading）

平时要养成快速泛读的习惯。这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的书籍，要求读得快，理解和掌握书中的主要内容就可以了。要确定一个明确的读书定额，定额要结合自己的实际，切实可行，可多可少。例如每天读20页，一个学期以18周计算，就可以读21本中等厚度的书(每本书约120页)。

2. 计时阅读 (timed reading)

课余要养成计时阅读的习惯。计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳、精力分散，反而乏味。阅读时先记下“起读时间”(starting time)，阅读完毕，记下“止读时间”(finishing time)，即可计算出本次阅读速度。随手记下，长期坚持，必定收到明显效果。

3. 略读 (skimming)

略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird's eye view )地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者(skimmer)的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。

阅读时，先把文章粗略地浏览一下，看看文章中是否有自己工作和学习需要的或自己感兴趣的资料和信息，然后确定这篇文章是否值得细读。在查找资料时，如果没有充分时间，而又不需要高度理解时，就可以运用略读技巧。“不需要高度理解”并非指略读时理解水平可以很低，而是说略低于一般阅读速度所取得的理解水平是允许的。

一般阅读的目标是在保持一般阅读速度的条件下，获得尽可能高的理解水平，通常达到70%或80%。略读时，理解水平略低一些是预料之中的事，平均理解率达50%或60%就可以了。

略读有下列四个特点：

(1)以极快的速度阅读大量材料，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

(2)可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

(3)理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。

(4)根据文章的难易程度和达到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度。

略读可以运用下列技巧：

(1)要利用印刷细节(typegraphical details)，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读(preview skimming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式)，以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。

(2)以一般阅读速度(200～250wpm)，阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等。

(3)阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。

(4)注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however, moreover, in addition等；序列词firstly, secondly等。

(5)若无需要，不必阅读细节

⑹ 英语文章中表转折和过渡的单词有哪些

but if so whatever even although not only..but also... perhaps actually though such as..like... Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand Therefore, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result /For example, in other words

⑺ 英语阅读理解中的常用转折词有哪些

however, but,

⑻ 英语阅读策略有哪些

先看抄题目，了解题目袭大概问的是什么，然后快速浏览全篇文章，掌握基本信息，如果此时已经能从文中划出答题信息，那很好，如果找不出也没关系，再次阅读，不记得题目的话，就边看题边找答案，记住，答案一定在文中，所以尽量在文中把答案划出来，也方便检查。

⑼ 英语文章过渡衔接高级词汇

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